自支撑柔性氮掺杂碳织物电极的制备与性能研究

本文以纯棉织物为基底,吡咯单体为氮源,采用简单的原位聚合-高温煅烧的方法制备了自支撑柔性氮掺杂织物（N-CT）. 利用傅立叶红外技术、X射线光电子能谱、比表面积测试、扫描电子显微镜对所得产物进行结构与形貌表征. 结果表明,碳化后聚吡咯主要以纳米碳球包覆在碳织物表面,N-CT电极的比表面积为495.0 m²·g^-1,其含氮量为2.26%. 电化学测试表明,在0.5 A·g^-1的电流密度下N-CT电极的比电容器为256.2 F·g^-1,经过5000次的恒流充放电循环后电容保持率为98.3%,库伦效率保持率在98.8%左右,具有良好的柔性和机械性能.     

Cotton Linters: An Alternative Cellulosic Raw Material

Summary: Cellulose in fibrous or in chemically modified form plays a relevant part in products for industrial applications and in products which are used in human daily life. Besides wood, cotton is an important natural source for cellulose. Linters are a by-product of the oil mills. The position of the linters in the technology of cotton is explained. In linters bleaching plant, the raw linters are purified mechanically and chemically. The principle of this process is shown. The resulting bleached linters (cotton linters pulp, CLP/cotton linters cellulose, CLC) have an alpha-cellulose content of about 99%. Due to their purity and to their properties, the cotton linters pulp is the cellulosic basis for a large number of special and niche products in the paper and chemical industry.     

流动注射化学发光法测定水样中痕量锡

在HCl介质中,KMnO4 甲醛 Sn(Ⅱ)为强化学发光体系,利用流动注射和巯基棉分离技术建立了测定锡的新方法,探讨了发光反应的机理。方法的线性范围为0.1～30μg L,检出限为0.04μg L,对1.0μg L的Sn(Ⅱ)标准溶液连续11次测定的相对标准偏差为2.1%。方法已用于环境水样中痕量锡的测定。     

TCF selenium preconcentration in geological materials for determination at sub-mugg(-1) with INAA (Se/TCF-INAA)

In geological samples, Se concentration ranges from 1 × 10⁻⁹ g g⁻¹ up to 1 × 10⁻³ g g⁻¹. The analytical difficulty at low concentration (<1 μg g⁻¹), is one of the main reasons why the geological cycle of Se is poorly known. The analytical method that consisted of preconcentration of Se with thiol cotton fiber (TCF) followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) has been modified by finishing with instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The modified technique involves sample dissolution (HF-HNO₃-H₂O₂) and evaporation to dryness at low temperature (55-60 °C) to avoid selenium volatilization. Se^VI is converted to Se^IV by adding 6 M HCl to the dry residuum and the solution is then heated in a covered boiling bath (95-100 °C). The solution is diluted to obtain 0.6 M HCl and then collected on TCF. The TCF is placed in a polyethylene vial for irradiation in the SLOWPOKE II reactor (Montréal) for 30 s at a neutron flux of 10¹⁵ m⁻² s⁻¹. The 162 keV peak of ^77mSe (half-life 17.36 s) is read for 20 s after a decay of 7 s. The amount of sample to be dissolved is controlled by two competing effects. To obtain low detection limits, a larger amount of sample should be dissolved. On the other hand, the TCF could become saturated with chalcophile elements when large sample is used. Sulfur is a good indicator of the amount of Se and chalcophile elements present. In S poor sample (<100 μg g⁻¹) 3.0 g of sample was used and the L_D was ∼2 ng g⁻¹. In S high samples (>1.5% S) 0.05 g of sample was used and the L_D was ∼120 ng g⁻¹. The present work also includes suggested Se concentration for eight international geological reference materials (IGRM) that compare favorably with literature values.     

壳聚糖/低温等离子体对棉织物联合整理研究

将壳聚糖/低温等离子体联合整理技术用于纯棉织物的抗皱整理,对处理后棉织物的抗皱性、吸湿性、力学性能以及表面化学基团进行测试分析,探讨了壳聚糖和低温等离子整理对棉织物性能影响的规律.研究表明,壳聚糖整理能够有效改善纯棉织物的抗皱性能,在壳聚糖抗皱整理的基础上引入低温氧气等离子体处理并不能进一步提高棉织物的折皱回复角,但能提高壳聚糖整理后棉织物的拉伸断裂强力和吸湿性能.     

Preparation of Phase Change Microcapsule and Its Plication in Textiles

Phase change microcapsules(PCMs)are prepared with n-hexadecane and n-octadecane as core material,and melamine-formaldehyde resin is used as shell material by in-situ polymerization.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)was used to analyze the phase change properties.Thermal conductivity and maximum heat flux of cotton fabric finished with PCMs before and after being washed were also measured.It has been found that melting and crystal enthalpy of the PCMs decrease with decreasing the core/shell ratio,while q...     

新疆昌吉市棉花害虫种类及防治现状调查

对昌吉市棉花害虫种类进行了调查.结果表明:棉花害虫(螨)有17种,其中害螨4种,为害严重的害虫(螨)有棉铃虫、棉蚜、棉叶螨等.文章阐述了昌吉市棉花主要害虫的危害及防治现状,提出了今后对棉花害虫(螨)综合治理的意见和建议.     

数字图像处理在原棉异物检测中的应用

利用改进的Otsu阈值法对原棉异物图像进行分割,并运用数字图像处理技术,对具有代表性的原棉异物进行图像增强,二值化等处理,快速准确地识别出原棉中存在的异物,从而有效地提高原棉异纤清除机的除杂率.     

棉花半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因的克隆、表达与活性研究

通过从已构建好的突变体湘棉-18的cDNA文库中筛选分离出一个半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因的全长cDNA序列,经测序和序列分析,发现该片段包含一个完整的开放阅读框,长378个碱基,编码125个氨基酸,氨基酸序列中包含了一个半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂家族的保守区段Gln-Val-Val-Ala-Gly;信号肽预测发现该序列包含一个N端信号肽,保守区分析该基因编码的氨基酸包含一个半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂相似区域.半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂在大肠杆菌中表达重组蛋白,在条件为30℃,IPTG 5mmol/L,时间24～36h时,CPI实现最优表达,Western Blotting分析表明表达的蛋白正确.通过木瓜蛋白酶活性抑制实验,结果表明该重组CPI具有一定的酶活抑制作用.     

棉纤维/季铵盐接枝共聚物的合成及抗菌性能研究

采用硝酸铈铵为引发剂,在棉纤维表面引发甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)接枝聚合,并使接枝的DMAEMA季铵化,以赋予棉纤维良好的抗菌性能。实验对影响DMAEMA接枝率的关键因素进行了细致研究,发现,当φ(DMAEMA)为10%,引发剂浓度为20 mmol/L,pH为1～1.5时,在45℃反应5 h后,得到较好的接枝效果。同时发现,溶剂类型对棉纤维/DMAEMA接枝共聚物的季铵化反应影响很大,丙酮对季铵化最为有利。接枝率的提高可加强棉纤维/季铵盐接枝共聚物的抗菌性能;与单独采用溴代正丁烷为季铵化试剂相比,先后采用溴代正丁烷和溴代十二烷作为季铵化试剂,所得材料的抗菌性能更为优良,说明长链季铵盐聚合物与短链季铵盐聚合物间存在协同抗菌作用。