Rationally Designed Axially Chiral Diarylethene Switches with High Helical Twisting Power

Three rationally designed axially chiral diarylethene switches were synthesized and their application as chiral dopants for phototunable cholesteric liquid crystal devices was investigated. Design of these molecules was based on the combination of photochromic dithienylcyclopentene core with bridged binaphthyl units as chiral precursors. Aromatic groups were introduced to the molecules at 6,6′‐positions of binaphthyls through a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. Their helical twisting powers (HTPs) are significantly higher than those of the known chiral diarylethenes reported as chiral dopants so far. Photocyclization of these molecules upon light irradiation brought out dramatic variation in HTPs between different states. The primary colors, red, green, and blue, were obtained in reflection on light irradiation and with thermal stability. Moreover, a multi‐switchable photodisplay was demonstrated using one of these chiral molecular switches.     

不同色浆质量分数的水性聚氨酯涂料对聚氯乙烯表皮低温爆破性能的影响

本文制备了一系列不同色浆质量分数的水性聚氨酯涂料,并将其喷涂在汽车仪表板聚氯乙烯(PVC)表皮的背面形成复合材料。 用旋转流变仪表征了涂料的粘度以评价其喷涂性能;用差示扫描量热仪表征了材料的玻璃化转变温度(T_g);利用万能材料试验机表征了材料在-30 ℃条件下的拉伸性能及抗撕裂性能;用动态热机械分析仪表征了材料的损耗比随温度的变化。 结果表明:不同色浆质量分数的涂料都能喷涂,含有涂层材料PVC表皮在-30 ℃低温爆破性能与涂层材料的T_g、低温拉伸性能、抗撕裂性能的关系并不大,而与涂层材料的阻尼性能直接相关。 材料的阻尼性能越好,其低温爆破性能越好。     

Terroir Effect on the Phenolic Composition and Chromatic Characteristics of Mencía/Jaen Monovarietal Wines: Bierzo D.O. (Spain) and Dão D.O. (Portugal)

‘Mencía’/‘Jaen’ it’s an important red grape variety, exclusive of the Iberian Peninsula, used in wine production namely in Bierzo D.O. and Dão D.O., respectively. This work evaluates the effect of the two different “terroirs” on the phenolic composition and chromatic characteristics of ‘Mencía’/‘Jaen’ monovarietal wines produced at an industrial scale in the same vintage. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares-Discrimination Analysis (PLS-DA), and Orthogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA) it was found that peonidin-3-coumaroylglucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-coumaroylglucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-acetylglucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, and ferulic acid were the phenolic compounds with the highest differences between the two regions. PLS regression allowed to correlate the differences in lightness (L*) and redness (a*) of wines from ‘Jaen’ and ‘Mencía’ to differences in colored anthocyanins, polymeric pigments, total pigments, total anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-acetylglucoside, delphinidin-3-acetylglucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-coumaroylglucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside in wines, and the colorless ferulic, caffeic, and coutaric acids, and ethyl caffeate. The wines a* values were more affected by colored anthocyanins, ferulic acid, total anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-acetylglucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside and petunidin-3-acetylglucoside, and catechin. The positive influence of ferulic acid in the a* values and ferulic, caffeic, coutaric acids, and ethyl caffeate on the L* values can be due to the co-pigmentation phenomena. The higher dryness and lower temperatures during the September nights in this vintage might explain the differences observed in the anthocyanin content and chromatic characteristics of the wines.     

Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Retention of Bioactive Compounds,On-Line Antioxidant Capacity and Color of the Novel Snack from Red-Fleshed Apples

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different drying methods: convective (at 50, 60, 70 °C), vacuum-microwave (at 120, 240, 360, 480 W and 360 W with reduction to 120 W) and hybrid (convective pre-drying at 50, 60, 70 °C followed by vacuum-microwave drying at 120 W) on the quality parameters of novel red-fleshed apple fruit snacks (RFAs), such as phenolics, on-line antioxidant capacity, water activity and color. Drying kinetics, including a temperature profile of dried material, and modified Page model were determined. Freeze-drying was used as a control method. The highest content of bioactive compounds in the samples was retained following freeze-drying, then hybrid, vacuum-microwave and finally convection drying. The antioxidant capacity measured by on-line 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), identified anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and phenolic acid as the main compounds responsible for this activity. Unfavorable changes in color, formation of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and degradation of polyphenolics were noted along with increasing drying temperature and magnetron power. The red-fleshed apple snacks are a promising high-quality dehydrated food product belonging to functional foods category.     

Underestimated Color Centers: Defects as Useful Reducing Agents in Lanthanide‐Activated Luminescent Materials

Inorganic hosts, such as SrB₄O₇ or certain nitrides, intrinsically stabilize Eu²⁺ even when the dopant is an Eu³⁺‐based precursor and reducing conditions are not employed in the synthesis. Although this concept is well known in the synthesis of phosphorescent materials, the mechanistic details are scarcely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that trapped charge carriers, such as color centers, can also act as redox partners to stabilize certain oxidation states of activators. Eu‐activated CsMgCl₃ and CsMgBr₃ are used as examples. Upon doping with EuCl₃ and in the absence of reducing conditions during the synthesis, dominant cyan or green luminescence from Eu²⁺ ions was observed. Photoluminescence spectroscopy at 10 K revealed that the reduction is correlated to color centers localized at defects. Although defects are typically undesired in phosphors, we have shown that their role may be underestimated and they could be used on purpose in the preparation of selected inorganic phosphors.     

基于组合码字的矢量量化编码算法

传统的矢量量化编码方法总是将待编码矢量以码书中唯一的最匹配码字作为其近似输出矢量,以实现数据压缩的目的.这种方法对远离码字的矢量无法避免显著的误差.本文提出组合编码的矢量量化方法,其思想是对远离码字的矢量进行主辅组合编码,对主码字编码造成的误差通过辅码字加以补偿.实验表明,该方法在很小降低压缩比率的条件下显著提高了矢量编码精度,能够在信号处理等领域发挥有效作用.     

高清晰度电视系统三维色域研究

根据相加混色原理,建立了常规色域的三维数学模型,在CIE1976LUV三维色度系统与Pointer物体真实表面色色域作了色度学比较.结果表明,常规HDTV传输系统之所以不能传输或重显全部Pointer色域,并不单纯因为色域范围小,两个色域涵盖的颜色范围有差别也是重要原因.这对需要从三维和颜色覆盖范围方面研究色域问题具有...     

采用局部差分模型描述的彩色图像配准技术

针对光照方向、强度、色彩或摄像头参数等因素的变化导致待配准彩色图像对间存在复杂的色彩变化,从而严重影响彩色图像配准效果的问题,提出了一种对彩色变化不敏感的彩色图像配准方法.该方法首先根据彩色图像间的von Kries彩色变换模型,建立图像的彩色不变量空间,在此空间利用尺度不变量特征转换(SIFT)算法完成特征点的检测;为加快运算速度,采用2阶局部差分模型(LDP)方法对特征点进行描述,并完成彩色图像特征间的初匹配;再进一步利用RANSAC算法消除误匹配特征点对,得到最终的匹配特征点对.实验结果表明,该彩色图像配准方法与其他算法相比,可以快速、准确地获得彩色图像间的映射关系,因此更加适合存在色彩变化的彩色图像的配准.     

基于Retinex理论的JPEG压缩方法研究

现有JPEG压缩标准推荐的色度与亮度量化表,是通过对自然光照下图像色彩数据的统计和实验获得的,不具备偏色校正功能.为此以Retinex理论为基本计算框架,探究并提出一种新的具有色彩恒常性的JPEG压缩方法.该方法通过构建合适的DC系数矩阵来迭代计算DCT系数的局部空间均值,由此估计出照度分量;然后,对照度分量影响信息和边界方向信息进行综合计算来调整亮度量化表,以达到同时实现偏色校正和图像压缩的效果.实验结果表明,与现有的JPEG方法相比,该方法在保持同等压缩比的情况下,具有更好的偏色校正效果.