全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5533篇 |
免费 | 383篇 |
国内免费 | 479篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 927篇 |
晶体学 | 6篇 |
力学 | 180篇 |
综合类 | 51篇 |
数学 | 643篇 |
物理学 | 429篇 |
综合类 | 4159篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 35篇 |
2023年 | 71篇 |
2022年 | 125篇 |
2021年 | 159篇 |
2020年 | 134篇 |
2019年 | 122篇 |
2018年 | 114篇 |
2017年 | 148篇 |
2016年 | 177篇 |
2015年 | 197篇 |
2014年 | 355篇 |
2013年 | 291篇 |
2012年 | 381篇 |
2011年 | 406篇 |
2010年 | 283篇 |
2009年 | 361篇 |
2008年 | 348篇 |
2007年 | 422篇 |
2006年 | 375篇 |
2005年 | 344篇 |
2004年 | 253篇 |
2003年 | 240篇 |
2002年 | 172篇 |
2001年 | 110篇 |
2000年 | 115篇 |
1999年 | 103篇 |
1998年 | 74篇 |
1997年 | 72篇 |
1996年 | 66篇 |
1995年 | 63篇 |
1994年 | 59篇 |
1993年 | 40篇 |
1992年 | 33篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 34篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有6395条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
P. Gronchi A. Kaddouri P. Centola R. Del Rosso 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2003,26(1-3):843-846
SiO2 and Al2O3 supported Ni catalysts were synthesized in the form of xerogels: the SiO2 based materials were prepared starting from Ni propionate or glycolate salts and reacting them with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in propionic acid, Si(ethylene glycolate) or sodium silicate. The Al2O3 supported catalysts were prepared similarly from Ni propionate salts with Al iso-propoxide salts. Narrow metal particles and strong metal support interactions are observed in the sol-gel catalysts. The metal dispersion was higher for Al2O3 based materials than the SiO2 ones and it deeply depends on the Ni precursor for the silica supported Ni. Wet impregnated oxides with similar Ni loading have higher metal surface area than those from sol-gel processing. The influence of surface differences on the catalytic activity of the materials was studied following the CH4 and CO2 reaction in dry reforming conditions by pulse reaction tests. 相似文献
52.
Three different methods for the preparation and modification of conducting polymer/noble metal catalyst systems consisting of polypyrrole (PPy) and platinum (Pt) are described for the anodic oxidation of methanol. The first method consists of the electrochemical deposition of a thin PPy film on glassy carbon substrate, which is modified with Pt either by electroreduction of hexachloroplatinate, codeposition from a nanodispersed Pt solution, or incorporation of tetrachloroplatinate as counterion followed by cathodic reduction. A second method is based on the preparation of nanoscale PPy(PSS) particles by chemical polymerization with polystyrenesulfonate PSS– as the counterion. This material is a favorable catalyst support for nanodispersed Pt due to its mixed electronic and cationic conductivity. To study the electrochemical properties, the particulate system PPy(PSS)/Pt is fixed in a carbon fiber electrode. A third method was developed which brings the polypyrrole in close contact to a proton exchanger membrane (Nafion) using a special chemical deposition procedure. This method is useful for preparing a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) consisting of Nafion/PPy/Pt. The structural, morphological, and electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation were studied depending on the preparation method applied using surface analytical techniques (TEM, SEM, and EDX) and electrochemical measurements (cyclic voltammetry and transient techniques). 相似文献
53.
近年来有不少报道从事于生理活性Drimane类倍半萜的合成,较多采用了分子间Diels-Alder反应来建立Drimane的骨架。本文首次采用内分子Diels-Alder反应作为关键反应合成了Drimane类化合物。同时还在引入了手性诱导基团后,首次完成了从无手性的原料化合物β-紫罗兰酮至光学活性(-)-drimenin1的不对称合成。 相似文献
54.
Aleš Podgornik 《Journal of separation science》2022,45(12):1984-1996
Modern convection-based supports differ substantially in pore size, porosity, and microstructure topology. Due to such variability, it is challenging to evaluate the contribution of a particular microstructure topology on flow resistance. We demonstrated that the flow resistance parameter ( ) introduced decades ago can be used as a criterion to evaluate the effect of microstructure topology on a pressure drop when the pore size is used as a characteristic support dimension. Furthermore, the value of simple cubic packing was calculated over the entire range of open porosity and compared to the values determined for pressure drop models derived for particular convection-based supports and experimental values of various convection-based supports from the literature. It was shown that different convection-based supports become clustered into distinct groups when plotted according to their and open porosity values, allowing their discrimination. 相似文献
55.
V.M. Jovanovi S. Terzi A.V. Tripkovi K.Dj. Popovi J.D. Lovi 《Electrochemistry communications》2004,6(12):1
Effect of electrochemical oxidation of glassy carbon on deposition of platinum particles and electrocatalytic activity of platinum supported on oxidized glassy carbon (Pt/GCOX) were studied for methanol oxidation in H2SO4 solution. Platinum was potentiostatically deposited from H2SO4 + H2PtCl6 solution. Glassy carbon was anodically polarised in 0.5 M H2SO4 at 2.25 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) during 35 s. Electrochemical treatment of GC support, affecting not significantly the real Pt surface area, leads to a better distribution of platinum on the substrate and has remarkable effect on the activity. The activity of the Pt/GCOX electrode for methanol oxidation is larger than polycrystalline Pt and for more than one order of magnitude larger than Pt/GC electrode. This increase in activity indicates the pronounced role of organic residues of GC support on the properties of Pt particles deposited on glassy carbon. 相似文献
56.
I.I. Baskin S. Lozano M. Durot G. Marcou D. Horvath 《SAR and QSAR in environmental research》2020,31(8):597-613
ABSTRACT Here we report a new predictive model for autoignition temperature (AIT), an important physical parameter widely used to assess potential safety hazards of combustible materials. Available structure-AIT data extracted from different sources were critically analysed. Support vector regression (SVR) models on different data subsets were built in order to identify a reliable compound set on which a realistic model could be built. This led to a selection of the dataset containing 875 compounds annotated with AIT values. The thereupon-based SVR model performs reasonably well in cross-validation with the determination coefficient r 2 = 0.77 and mean absolute error MAE = 37.8°C. External validation on 20 industrial compounds missing in the training set confirmed its good predictive power (MAE = 28.7°C). 相似文献
57.
58.
Metallosilicates as supports of Co catalysts for the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons from CO and H2
A. Yu. Krylova A. L. Lapidus M. P. Kapur V. I. Vershinin V. B. Mel'nikov 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》1993,42(3):432-434
The effect of the nature of the silicate support on the activity and selectivity of 10%. Co/M silicate catalysts (where M=Cu, Zn, Ce, Ti, Hf, La, Al, Zr, Co, Mg) in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H2 has been established. Co and Zr catalysts have been shown to provide the highest catalytic efficiency. The yield of liquid hydrocarbons in their presence exceeds 120 g m–3.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 480–482, March, 1993. 相似文献
59.
Purification and reversible immobilization of d-amino acid oxidase from Trigonopsis variabilis could be simultaneously accomplished by hydrophobic interaction on Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B in the presence of 50 mM pyrophosphate buffer (pH 8.5). The presence of a high salt concentration of 2M, which is generally required for the hydrophobic interactions, was not essential for the hydrophobic immobilization. The
enzyme in free as well as immobilized form was optimally active between pH 7.0 and 9.0. The immobilized preparation could
be reused in a batch process for the conversion of d-amino acids to α-keto acids. When the activity of the preparation dropped below practical limits, the gel could be regenerated
by water wash and recharged with fresh crude extract from yeast. 相似文献
60.
Alvarez-Merino MA Joly JP Carrasco-Marín F Moreno-Castilla C 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2003,260(2):449-453
Intermittent temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia was used to study the strength and population of surface acid sites of tungsten oxide supported on activated carbon pretreated at 350 and 700 degrees C. Catalysts pretreated at 350 degrees C showed two types of surface acid sites and desorption occurred with free readsorption until a temperature of around 300 degrees C was reached. Pretreatment at 700 degrees C produced three different states of ammonia adsorbed on the catalysts and desorption occurred with free readsorption. 相似文献