Solvation force in hard ellipsoid fluids with HNW interaction

In present work, using density functional theory and extended restricted orientation model, the one particle density of hard Gaussian overlap fluid near the colloid walls is calculated. The hard needle–wall interaction between molecules and colloids are considered. Using non-linear equation, proposed by Grimson–Rickyazen, the solvation force of hard ellipsoidal molecular fluid with hard Gaussian overlap interaction is calculated. We could not find the exact or simulation results for comparison. The results in the case k = 2.0 are compared with the solvation force of one-dimensional hard rod fluids. The results are corresponded, qualitatively.     

In situ microanalysis of organic colorants by inkjet colloid deposition surface‐enhanced Raman scattering

We present a new method for the minimally invasive in situ identification of inks and colorants on documents and other objects on the basis of the deposition of silver colloid nanodroplets on a region of interest in the objects to be tested using inkjet technology. By adapting commercially available thermal and piezoelectric inkjet heads, volumes of silver colloid in the 60–220 picoliters range (corresponding to impact diameters in the range of 50–150 µm) can be delivered onto substrates with great accuracy and precision. We demonstrate that the instantaneous superheating of the colloid in the thermal print head does not adversely affect the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy efficiency of the Ag nanoparticles. Furthermore, by mounting a compact piezoelectric inkjet head within a large‐stage Raman microscope, we developed an instrument where all phases of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy microanalysis are integrated, with great advantages in sample handling, spatial accuracy, and colloid delivery reproducibility. The approach can be considered functionally nondestructive as the amount of silver delivered, and the area affected are too small to be detected by visual observation, and in most conditions, even by optical microscopy. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of textile fibers, gel pen ink writing on paper, and a Japanese woodblock print dating to the end of the 19th century. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Revealing interactions between polyaza pyridinophane compounds and DNA/RNA polynucleotides by SERS spectroscopy

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) in the near‐infrared region had been applied to study interactions of polyaza pyridinophanes with single stranded RNA and double stranded DNA and RNA polynucleotides. Studied compounds, PYPOD and PHENPOD, differed in the central aromatic moiety, pyridine and phenanthroline, respectively, which linked two cyclic amines. An intense scattering was obtained from molecules adsorbed onto the silver nanoparticles, showing nonlinear concentration dependence in the 6.5 × 10⁻⁸−6.5 × 10⁻⁵ M range. New bands in spectra of PYPOD/polynucleotide and PHENPOD/polynucleotide mixtures were assigned to vibrational modes of polynucleotide moieties involved in interactions. SERS spectra of both polyaza pyridinophanes with single stranded RNA polynucleotides indicated hydrogen bonding between the small molecules and the nucleic bases of poly A, poly C and poly U, whereas an interaction of only PYPOD with poly G was suggested. SERS spectra implied that both compounds bound into the minor groove of the helical poly dAdT–poly dAdT polynucleotide, while none of polyaza pyridinophanes interacted with the grooves of the poly dGdC–poly dGdC polynucleotide. Nevertheless, intensity ratios suggested intercalation of the phenanthroline moiety of the PHENPOD molecules into the double helix of the guanine‐cytosine polynucleotide. Spectral features also indicated binding of the PYPOD molecules within the major groove of the double stranded RNA analog. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fourier‐transform surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (FT‐SERS) applied to the identification of natural dyes in textile fibers: an extractionless approach to the analysis

In the present study, an application of a silver colloid substrate in order to obtain Fourier‐transform surface‐enhanced Raman (FT‐SER) spectra of natural historical dyes is presented. In detail, we collected a spectral database from solutions of pure dyes and then we carried out extractionless both hydrolysis and non‐hydrolysis FT‐SERS analyses on wool fibers previously dyed in our laboratory and on ancient textiles. The term ‘extractionless’ refers to a method of SERS analysis applied directly on the fiber, thus avoiding the extraction of dyes from textile samples. The combination of a low‐energy source of radiation, as in the FT‐Raman technique, with SER spectroscopy can bring the important advantage of reducing the fluorescence typical of ancient samples and organic dyes. In some historical textile samples, for which SER spectra by use of visible excitation could not be obtained, the FT‐SER spectrum of an iron‐gall dye was recorded without hydrolysis, while, with an HF hydrolysis pre‐treatment on ancient fibers, madder, lac dye and brazilwood were clearly recognized. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Effect of Nano-SiO2 Colloid on Soap-free Emulsion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate

Soap-free emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was carried out in the presence of colloidal nano-SiO₂ particles. The effect of nano-SiO₂ level on the monomer conversion, polymerization rate (Rp), and emulsion stability was investigated. The viscosity, particle size distribution of the emulsions, surface tension, and ionic conductivity of these systems were determined. Upon the introduction of the nano-SiO₂ particles into this system, the Rp and monomer conversion increased and the average particle size of the P(MMA-HEMA) emulsion decreased in comparison to emulsions formed in the absence of nano-SiO₂. However, the particle size distribution became broader to some degree. Scanning electron microscope observations demonstrated that the shape of these latex particles were uniformly spherical. The surface tension and ionic conductivity of the system increased significantly after polymerization, but the presence of nano-SiO₂ resulted in an increase in surface tension and a decrease in ionic conductivity in comparison to the particle–free system.     

表面增强拉曼光谱检测水中微量的芬太尼

通过化学法合成了具有表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性的银胶体,利用透射电子显微镜和紫外可见光谱仪分别对银胶体的形貌和光学性质进行了表征;采用这种衬底对水相中微量的芬太尼进行了SERS检测研究,并对芬太尼的SERS信号进行了归属,考察了各种实验条件对SERS检测的影响。实验结果表明,增大银胶体浓度有利于芬太尼SERS信号的检测;随着团聚剂氯化钠浓度增大芬太尼的SERS信号强度会先增大后减小,即团聚剂浓度存在一个最佳值;在优化的实验条件下芬太尼的检测限可以达到0.1ppm量级。     

Depletion-driven four-phase coexistences in discotic systems

ABSTRACT

Free volume theory (FVT) is a versatile and tractable framework to predict the phase behaviour of mixtures of platelets and non-adsorbing polymer chains in a common solvent. Within FVT, three principal reference phases for the hard platelets are considered: isotropic (I), nematic (N) and columnar (C). We derive analytical expressions that enable us to systematically trace the different types of phase coexistences revealed upon adding depletants and confirm the predictive power of FVT by testing the calculated diagrams against phase stability scenarios from computer simulation. A wide range of multi-phase equilibria is revealed, involving two-phase isostructural transitions of all phase symmetries (INC) considered as well as the possible three-phase coexistences. Moreover, we identify the system parameters, relative disk shapes and colloid–polymer size ratios, at which four-phase equilibria are expected. These involve a remarkable coexistence of all three-phase states commonly encountered in discotics including isostructural coexistences I₁–I₂–N–C, I–N₁–N₂–C and I–N–C₁–C₂.     

TiO2纳米颗粒胶体活化系统设计及流场仿真分析

紫外光(UV)诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流加工可实现硬脆晶体材料亚纳米级超光滑表面的加工,根据其材料去除原理可知,伴随抛光过程的进行,胶体中TiO₂纳米颗粒表面会吸附一层工件表面的被去除原子,从而影响TiO₂纳米颗粒胶体的活性和光催化性.为了实现TiO₂纳米颗粒胶体的循环使用,基于O₃/UV高级氧化法对使用后的TiO₂纳米颗粒胶体再活化机理进行了研究,同时结合紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流加工系统设计了TiO₂纳米颗粒胶体活化系统,对系统内的再活化反应室结构进行了流体动力学仿真,仿真结果表明其结构设计满足TiO₂纳米颗粒胶体的活化要求.     

高取代度阳离子淀粉电荷性质

采用胶体滴定法对高取代度阳离子淀粉的电荷性质进行研究．研究结果表明,高取代度阳离子淀粉的电荷性质受pH值和贮存时间的影响较大,热糊化和冷糊化对其电荷性质影响不大,采用胶体滴定和凯氏定氮两种方法测定高取代度阳离子淀粉的取代度试验结果相差较大．     

以新型银胶为衬底小鼠血清的表面增强拉曼光谱分析

针对以新型银胶体粒子为表面增强拉曼衬底获得的高信噪比的小鼠血清的表面增强拉曼光谱进行了分析,对小鼠血清拉曼光谱进行了初步指认。文章首先根据银胶体粒子形貌及特性,从电磁场物理增强的角度,分析了表面增强拉曼散射中有关银胶体粒子聚集形成“热点”导致局部电场增强效应的作用机理,并依据“热点”理论的分析,认为这种新型银胶体粒子具有很强的局域电场增强效果。同时运用表面增强拉曼中“热点”的现象,解释了小鼠血清的表面增强拉曼光谱中出现的低含量成分的拉曼光谱现象。希望通过表面增强拉曼光谱,了解血清中某些低含量成分的微小变化,进而能够及时获得机体的状况。研究结果为如何获得高信噪比生物大分子的表面增强拉曼散射光谱,了解丰富的生物分子结构信息提供了一种新的方法,同时也为开拓医学上利用血清进行疾病的早期检测提供了一种分子光谱学手段。