低温胁迫下外源水杨酸对栝楼幼苗抗寒性影响

以耐寒性较强的三门峡栝楼和耐寒性较弱的安庆栝楼为实验材料,研究了低温(4℃)胁迫下喷施不同浓度(0,0.25,0.5,1和2 mmol/L)的水杨酸溶液对栝楼幼苗叶片生理生长特性及抗氧化酶活性的影响.实验结果表明:在低温处理下,2个品种栝楼幼苗的细胞膜透性、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量和可溶性蛋白含量均增加(P<0.05),而相对水含量出现了相反的变化趋势,植株超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、酯酶(EST)和细胞色素氧化酶(CYT)的活性呈现增加的现象,显示出2个栝楼品种的耐寒性差异;喷施低浓度的水杨酸溶液能够显著降低植株的相对电导率、质膜透性及Pro和可溶性蛋白的含量,而高浓度的水杨酸对于降低植株SOD,POD,PPO,EST和CYT的活性均没有低浓度的显著.由此可知,适宜浓度的水杨酸有缓解栝楼低温胁迫的效果,但不能消除冷胁迫对栝楼生长的抑制作用.外源水杨酸缓解栝楼低温胁迫的最适浓度是0.5 mmol/L.     

Residual stress analysis near a cold expanded hole in a textured alclad sheet using X-ray diffraction

In this paper we present the methods of determination and the stress obtained at the periphery of a cold expanded hole in a 2024-T3 Alclad aluminum alloy sheet. The measurements in the aluminum clad were performed by the sin²Ψ method, taking experimental precautions to deal with the texture effects. In the core aluminum a special method had to be implemented to determine the stress values in a direction not accessible to the X-ray diffraction. The strains were measured in sample orientations selected according to the texture characteristics and stress factorsF _ij were used to calculate the stress tensor. TheF _ij values were determined assuming a quasi-isotropic material behavior, after concluding that the stress results were not significantly affected by factors calculated for textured material. The residual stress profile, both in the clad and in the sheet, shows a nearly axisymmetric stress state. Compressive stresses were observed near the periphery of the hole, with values that are higher on the exit than on the entrance face. Residual stresses were also higher in the hoop direction than in the radial direction. They decreased with the radial distance to the hole and affected the previous stress state over a distance of 6 mm. The plastic deformation induced by the cold expansion is well evidenced by the FWHM values, which in the affected zone decrease with increasing distance from the hole edge.     

Evaluation of a new electrolytic cold vapor generation system for mercury determination by AFS

In this study we firstly report a new electrolytic cold vapor generation system for mercury determination on Pt/Ti cathode in the presence of organic acid catholyte. Comparing with the traditional inorganic acid, formic acid increased the signal intensity of Hg vapor from electrolytic generation on Pt cathode and reduced the impact of cathode erosion on the stability of signal intensity. Moreover, formic acid has better interference tolerance. The introduction location for carrier gas is probably the most important factor that influences the signal intensity of Hg from electrolytic vapor generation. The effects of the electrolytic conditions and interference ions on the ECVG have been studied. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit (3σ) of Hg (II) in aqueous solutions is 1.4 ng L⁻¹; a relative standard deviation of 2.3% for 1 μg L⁻¹ Hg was obtained. The accuracy of this method was verified by the determination of mercury in the certified reference materials. This system has been applied satisfactorily to the determination of Hg in Traditional Chinese Medicines samples.     

中国东北冷涡背景下连续发生的中尺度对流系统的组织演变特征个例分析

使用雷达、地面加密观测、探空数据和ERA5再分析数据研究2009年7月22日0400—2400 UTC的21小时内东北冷涡后部在京津地区连续发生的4次中尺度对流系统的组织形态演变和中尺度环境特征。研究结果表明, 在东北冷涡后部稳定的西北气流背景下, 由于东北冷涡后部对流层中层西北气流中的浅槽、其在对流层低层发展的低槽和低涡以及对流层低层高压脊西北部的西南暖湿气流与冷池之间复杂的相互作用, 导致4次过程中强对流的组织形态各异。第一次过程受冷涡西侧一个浅槽锋生影响, 在河北北部形成西南?东北走向弱对流线, 对流线位于北京北部的对流发展较强, 移动迅速, 发展为超级单体和弓形回波, 其冷池出流和西南暖湿气流辐合形成西北?东南走向的后部增生型组织形态, 横贯京津地区。第二次过程是第一次过程位于北京南部的冷池出流触发, 形成超级单体, 之后受第一次过程冷池向西出流的影响, 产生西南?东北走向的后部增生型对流线。第三次过程发生在第一个浅槽造成对流层低层低涡发展的环境下, 低涡西侧的偏北风与低层高压脊北部的偏南风在冷池上面辐合, 造成多条平行的西北?东南走向的后部增生型对流线, 产生列车效应, 造成天津的强降水。第四次过程由冷涡西南部的又一个浅槽锋生和冷涡在天津北部调整出的切变线共同触发, 两个初始的西南?东北走向对流线合并形成一条西南?东北走向的线状对流, 最后南侧的对流发展为弓形回波。4次过程中出现的弓型回波部分还具有弓箭回波结构特征。     

超重核合成进展

介绍了超重核合成的历史和现状 ,对现有的超重核合成的实验情况和理论模型做了评述 ,指出了在国内利用现有设备和放射性核束装置开展超重核合成可能的方案     

Effects of Deformation Rate on the Necking of an Amorphous Copolyester Studied by Modulated DSC

The tensile loading-induced necking in notched specimens of an amorphous copolyester (aCOP) was studied by modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). It was shown that necking occurred by cold drawing since the enthalpy of cold crystallization and that of the subsequent melting agreed fairly with each other. Increasing deformation in the necking zone and increasing deformation rate of the specimens shifted the onset of cold crystallization toward lower temperatures and yielded a slightly higher glass transition temperature (T_g). This was attributed to the molecular orientation caused by mechanical loading. The finding that the melting contained a non-reversing part was considered as appearance of possible microcrystallinity. The T_g range was strongly influenced by the deformation rate and reflects the thermomechanical history of the samples accordingly. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

圆环链闪光对焊的深冷处理

用连续闪光对焊焊接圆环链焊，焊后进行深冷处理，其焊缝组织性能比采用常规热处理的明显提高，处长了圆环链的使用寿命。     

基于神经网络的管件开式冷挤压相对伸长量预测

为了预测各参数组合下的无芯棒开式冷挤压厚壁管件的伸长量，拓展开式冷挤压的实验结果，建立了无芯棒开式冷挤压厚壁管件的伸长量预测的神经网络模型，通过实验结果与预测结果的比较，二者吻合良好，为深入研究开式冷挤压工艺，建立开式冷挤压工艺设计专家系统提供了新的思路。     

梅州市一次秋雨空报过程的分析

利用Micaps常规资料围绕环流形势,对梅州市2010年深秋时节的一次秋雨空报过程进行分析.结果表明:由于南岭的屏障作用,没有补充的西路弱冷空气很难影响到梅州市.在冬季风开始盛行的深秋季节,中低层的浅薄系统不容易激发出降水.强度较弱且移速又快的850 hPa切变线,其即使南压带来降水的可能性也不大,或是500 hPa的西风短波槽脊同样构不成大的影响.要带来降水,单一影响系统必须足够强大比如强冷空气、深厚的南支系统等,或者有一定强度多个系统相互遭遇.比如一定强度的冷空气遭遇到相对较深的南支槽等.通过对比初秋的一次全市性小雨天气过程,发现初秋夏季风还没退尽的气候背景使得冷空气更容易激发出降水,因此深秋的降水预报一定要把气候基础纳入考虑范围.     

Aging and cold crystallization of melt‐extruded poly(trimethylene terephthalate) films

We analyzed the thermal crystallization, glass‐transition behavior, and mechanical properties of melt‐extruded poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) films to investigate their physical aging and annealing effects. The physical aging and annealing of PTT films had an influence on the glass‐transition temperature, recrystallization behavior, and mechanical properties. When samples were aged at an ambient temperature, the crystallization temperature decreased largely within 5 h, the heat of crystallization increased, and the breaking stress and breaking elongation increased. The glass‐transition temperature of annealed samples, which was obtained from differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical measurements, increased with increasing annealing temperature below 80 °C but decreased above that temperature. In addition, the glass‐transition temperature and modulus of annealed samples were largely affected by the annealing time; in particular, they increased sharply within 1 h on annealing at 50 °C. Consequently, the change in the glass‐transition temperature on annealing was ascribed to the fact that the molecular constraint due to recrystallization and the mobility of rigid amorphous PTT chains competed with each other, being dependent on the annealing temperature. The mechanical properties of aged samples were closely related to their cold‐crystallization behavior. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 1920–1927, 2001