液-液分散模型及滴内传质

研究了湍流场中液－液分散和滴内传质的非稳态过程。结果表明，Ｓａｎｔｅｒ平均滴 径随时间的变化可以用滴群平衡方程和简化的液滴破碎函数和聚合函数描述．分散初 始阶段并且分散相存留量较低时，可以略去聚合项，液滴破碎过程可以简化为等体积的 二分裂过程。滴内传质可以用Ｄａｎｃｋｗｅｒｔｓ表面更新理论描述，界面更新速率在数值上 相当于单位时间滴群比表面的更新分数。     

Phase ripening in particulate binary polymer blends

Particulate polymer‐in‐polymer mezodispersions show a pronounced increase in the size of the dispersed particles during melt‐phase annealing. Three ripening mechanisms have been proposed: Brownian coalescence, Ostwald ripening, and hydrodynamic coarsening. The modified Cahn–Hilliard equation predicts growth by Ostwald ripening and diffusion‐induced coalescence. Simulations of this mechanism show a self‐similar particle size distribution, but the distribution broadens with the increasing volume fraction of the minor phase. Hydrodynamic coarsening caused by concentration gradients and random Brownian forces has been simulated according to the hydrodynamic model. The simulations show that concentration‐driven hydrodynamics have little effect on the particle size distribution. Experiments have been performed to investigate the relative importance of these ripening mechanisms for polybutadiene in a polystyrene system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 603–612, 2004     

丝米级矩形沟槽表面的水滴融合过程

采用高速摄像技术测试丝米级矩形沟槽表面的水滴融合过程,分析了平行沟槽、垂直沟槽方向的2个等大、非等大水滴间的融合和振荡规律.试验中,采用壁面预埋针头法实现了预置静态水滴与缓慢生长的准静态水滴的融合.结果表明,水滴的融合过程包含融合、振荡2个阶段.在等大水滴间的融合过程中,当水滴平行于沟槽方向融合时,受到沟槽的引导作用,沿沟槽方向的水滴振荡剧烈并伴随接触线的往复移动;当水滴垂直于沟槽方向融合时,受到垂向肋间"能垒"的限制,垂直沟槽方向的水滴振荡较弱,且接触线位置无明显变化,但竖直方向的水滴振幅显著.在非等大水滴间融合时,小水滴被吸引到大水滴一侧,融合过程呈现出不对称性,且液桥高度峰值、融合时间及接触线长度均随两水滴总体积的增加而增大.     

Interfacial Phenomena in Solvent Extraction and Its Influence on Process Performance

Introduction Solvent extraction is a selective and powerful separa-tion technology that is finding applications in a broader range of fields than the past. In particular, applications in the pharmaceutical and environmental clean up area require the treat…     

The detachment of particles from coalescing bubble pairs

This paper is concerned with the detachment of particles from coalescing bubble pairs. Two bubbles were generated at adjacent capillaries and coated with hydrophobic glass particles of mean diameter 66 μm. The bubbles were then positioned next to each other until the thin liquid film between them ruptured. The particles that dropped from the bubble surface during the coalescence process were collected and measured. The coalescence process was very vigorous and observations showed that particles detached from the bubble surfaces as a result of the oscillations caused by coalescence. The attached particles themselves and, to some extent the presence of the surfactant had a damping affect on the bubble oscillation, which played a decisive role on the particle detachment phenomena. The behaviour of particles on the surfaces of the bubbles during coalescence was described, and implications of results for the flotation process were discussed.     

Modeling reactive blending: An experimental approach

We present an experimental study of polymer–polymer reaction kinetics at the interfaces between two immiscible polymer phases under flow in a batch mixer of type Haake Rheocord. To that end, we have developed a model chemical system that is composed of a mixture of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). A small fraction of PS bear hydroxyl terminal group (PS-OH) and that of PMMA contain nonclassical isocyanate moieties that are randomly distributed along the PMMA chains (PMMA-r-NCO). This reactive system is particularly pertinent to modeling practical reactive blending processes because the amount and rate of copolymer formation can be determined with great accuracy (on the order of ppm). This study shows that the overall reaction rate is controlled primarily by interfacial generation through convective mixing. Most reaction and morphological development are accomplished within a very short period of time (1–3 min). For a PS/PMMA (60/40) reactive blend, the ultimate size of the PMMA particles is as small as 0.2 μm and is reached within 2 to 3 min. A surface coverage of about 0.5 of the PMMA particles by a monolayer of the copolymer is enough to prevent dynamic coalescence, whereas a much higher surface coverage is needed to eliminate static coalescence. In the nonentangled regime (M_n of the PS-OH = 7800 g/mol), temperature has a significant effect on the reaction rate, while it has little effect in the entangled regime (M_n of the PS-OH = 53,200 g/mol). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2153–2163, 1998     

Coalescence of droplets in viscoelastic matrix with diffuse interface under simple shear flow

The coalescence process of two droplets in simple shear flow was modeled and simulated by the diffuse interface method. The collision between two droplets was investigated. The systems with small Peclet number, which denotes highly diffuse ability of concentration, were found to coalesce faster and easier due to the overlap of interfacial layers. The effect of matrix elasticity on droplet coalescence was studied thoroughly. The matrix elasticity was found to decrease the hydrodynamic interactions between droplets, and delay the coalescence process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1856–1869, 2007     

磁层亚暴过程中的磁岛合并特征

采用实际的磁尾位型,利用数值模拟研究地球近地磁尾磁层亚暴过程中的磁岛合并过程,选取了磁尾电流片中三个测量点,分析了电流、磁场、等离子体密度以及速度随时间的变化规律,合理的解释磁层亚暴过程中的观测现象。     

含裂纹缺陷脆性岩石的峰值强度模型

在分析Ashby和Hallam含缺陷脆性介质峰值强度理论模型基础上,对其进行修正,并用修正的理论模型研究单轴作用下,含裂纹缺陷花岗岩试样的裂纹萌生、扩展、贯通和相互作用等因素对峰值强度的影响规律。通过与物理试验和数值模拟结果对比分析发现:修正后的Ashby-Hallam强度模型能定量地预测含缺陷岩石的峰值强度,以及定性分析峰值强度同裂纹缺陷密度和裂纹贯通密度的关系;含裂纹缺陷脆性岩体的峰值强度主要与贯通的裂纹数以及缺陷的分布和缺陷大小有关。