Molecular Expansion for Constructing Porous Organic Polymers with High Surface Areas and Well-Defined Nanopores

Construction of porous organic polymers (POPs) with high surface areas, well-defined nanopores, and excellent stability remains extremely challenging because of the unmanageable reaction process. Until now, only a few reported POPs have Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas (S_BET) exceeding 3000 m² g⁻¹. Herein, we demonstrate a molecular expansion strategy to integrate high surface areas, large nanopore sizes, and outstanding stability into POPs. A series of hyper-crosslinked conjugated polymers ( HCCPs ) with exceptional porosity are synthesized through this strategy. Specially, HCCP-6 and HCCP-11 exhibit the highest surface areas (S_BET >3000 m² g⁻¹) and excellent total pore volumes (up to 3.98 cm³ g⁻¹) among these HCCPs . They present decent total CH₄ storage capacities of 491 and 421 mg g⁻¹ at 80 bar and 298 K, respectively. Meanwhile, they are highly stable in harsh environments. The facile and general molecular expansion strategy would lead to improved synthetic routes of POPs for desired functions.     

四丙基氢氧化铵改性Mo/HZSM-5催化甲烷甲醇共芳构化反应性能

采用四丙基氢氧化铵（TPAOH）处理HZSM-5分子筛,并负载金属Mo。利用XRD、低温氮气吸附、27Al MAS NMR、29Si MAS NMR和NH3-TPD等表征技术对TPAOH改性前后催化剂的结构和酸性进行了研究,考察了其对甲烷甲醇共芳构化反应的催化性能。结构表征结果表明,适量的TPAOH改性可提高HZSM-5分子筛的相对结晶度,样品中介孔含量明显增加并且弱酸量和强酸量也有所增加。反应性能测试表明,以6 % Mo 负载的HZSM-5（6Mo/HZSM-5）为催化剂,在700 ℃、甲烷体积空速为2000h-1的反应条件下,甲烷中添加少量甲醇（nCH4/nCH3OH=20）时,甲烷转化率稳定在10 %左右,苯选择性在70 %以上,C7-C9高碳芳烃的选择性为4 %。在0.1 M TPAOH改性6Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上,甲烷转化率为8%左右,苯选择性稳定在60%以上,C7-C9高碳芳烃的选择性提升到10-17 %。利用TG和TPO技术对反应后样品的积碳情况进行了表征,发现甲烷甲醇共进料时催化剂积碳量由甲烷单独进料时的15%降低至5%,0.1 M的TPAOH改性后积碳量则进一步降低至1.4 %。TPAOH改性的催化剂上介孔含量的增加和强酸中心上的稠环芳烃含量的减少是反应后积碳量显著下降的主要原因,这有利于提高芳构化催化剂的稳定性和碳原子的有效利用率。     

Berechnung von thermodynamischen Isotopieeffekten einfacher Fluide über Quantenkorrekturen und isotopiebedingte Unterschiede in Potentialparametern

Formulae are given for thermodynamic isotope effects of simple fluids. These fluids are here treated as hard-sphere and square-well systems. A special method, the micropotential method, is used for the calculation oj classical thermodynamic functions. Quantum corrections to these functions are also given. Isotope effects due to the variation of the total mass (mass effects) are related to the estimation of quantum corrections of thermodynamic functions. Isotope effects due to the variation of potential parameters (potential effects) are calculated for methane. The potential effects of methnne are of the same order of magnitude as the corresponding mass effects.     

Untersuchungen zur Diffusion isotopischer Methanspezies

Die Diffusion spielt in der Natur, insbesondere im Zusanunenhang mit Dispersionsvorgängen, eine wesentliche Rolle. So ist beispiehweise der Vorgang der Erdgasmigratton, der nur beim Vorhandensein eines Strömungsregimes zur effektiven Akkumulation von Gas führ, üherlngert von Diffusionsprozessen, welche sowohl in lateraler als auch in vertikaler Richtung wirken. Die diffusiven Gasverluste in vertikaler Richtung können den größten Beitrag zur Isotopenfraktionierung bei der Sekundärmigration liefern.

Zur Berechnung der diffusiven Isotopenfraktionierung von Gaskomponenten im natülichen Bercich müssen die entsprechenden Diffusionskoeffizienten und Isotopieeffekte in ihrer Temperatur- und Druckabhängigkeit bekannt sein.

Im System Metham/Stickstoff wurden Diffusionsuntersuchungen in Kapillarsäulen mit verschicdenen isotopischen Methanspezies durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse mit theoretischen Ansätzen aus der kinetischen Gastheoric verglichen. Es werden weiterhin Aussagen zur Temperatur- und Druckabhängigkeit des Isotopieeffektes in den Diffusionskoeffizienten diskutiert.     

A simple kinetic model for oxidative coupling of methane over La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ) nanocatalyst

A simplified kinetic model for the oxidative coupling of methane over a La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ nanocatalyst is presented. The kinetic model was developed by experimental data in a catalytic micro-reactor covering a wide range of reaction conditions (0.04相似文献   

Influences of reaction conditions on methane decomposition over non-supported Ni catalyst

Effects of reaction temperature and methane gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) on methane decomposition over non-supported Ni catalyst have been investigated in this work.Methane molecules activation,Ni particles growth and nano-carbon diffusion were the main factors influencing methane decomposition stability of non-supported Ni.The results of methane decomposition activity test on the non-supported Ni catalyst showed that the prepared non-supported Ni could exhibit a good methane decomposition performance with 273 gC/gNi and 2667 molH2/molNi at 500 -C and 45000 mL/(gcat h).Scanning electron microscope (SEM),X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed oxi- dation (TPO) have been carried out to characterize the used catalysts.The deposited carbon was carbon nanofibers,among which graphitic carbon formation increased with the reaction time of methane decomposition.Ni particle size was not the decisive factor during the carbon growing stage.     

无第二模板剂法合成多级结构ZSM-5分子筛微球及其在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中的应用

在无第二模板剂的条件下,采用简单的水热晶化法,通过控制条件合成出具有多级结构的ZSM-5(ZSM-5-HW)分子筛,并运用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜和N2吸附-脱附等技术对合成的分子筛进行了表征.结果表明,所得样品是由棒状晶体组装而成的具有介孔结构的分子筛微球.用等体积浸渍法制备了Mo/HZSM-5-HW催化剂并用于CH4无氧芳构化反应,表现出较高的催化活性和稳定性.在实验条件下,CH4初始转化率为18.5%,而苯收率最高可达9.5%;反应24h后,两者仍然分别保持在10.2%和5.5%左右.     

光辐照驱动CH4-CO2重整中Ni/MgO-Al2O3催化活性吸收体的活性

将等离子体还原法和常规焙烧还原法制备的Ni基催化剂用于制备太阳能催化活性吸收体,在氙灯模拟的太阳光聚光反应系统中,考察了其催化CH4-CO2重整反应活性.结果表明,等离子体还原法制备的Ni/MgO-A12O3催化活性吸收体的低温活性最高,在光辐照平均能流密度为61 kW/m2,空速36 dm3/(g·h),CH4和CO...     

Isomers and isomerization reactions of four nitro derivatives of methane

The nitro, nitrite, and aci-form isomers and the isomerization reactions of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-nitromethanes (NMs) were computationally investigated. The results show that the isomerization displacement of NO(2) by ONO groups is surprisingly thermodynamically favored for the di-, tri-, and tetra-NMs. The molecular stability decreases and the isomerization becomes easier by increasing nitro groups. The largest attraction among substitutes takes place through the central carbon atom in C(ONO)(4) and leads to its higher stability than the C(NO(2))(4) isomer. There is a concerted change of the CO-NO, C-ONO, and CON-O bonds in the nitrite isomers, that is, the weakened CO-NO bond is accompanied with the strengthened C-ONO and CON-O bonds, and vice versa. We only succeeded in finding two tight transition states of isomerization reactions from NO(2) to ONO in the mono- and di-NMs, whereas isomerization reactions to the aci-forms through an intramolecular hydrogen transfer can always be found.     

Methane coupling in microwave plasma under atmospheric pressure

Methane coupling in microwave plasma under atmospheric pressure has been investigated.The effects of molar ratio n(CH4)/n(H2),flow rate and microwave power on the reaction have been studied.(1)With the decrease of n(CH4)/n(H2)ratio,methane conversion,C2 hydrocarbon yield,energy yield and space-time yield of acetylene increased,but the yield of carbon deposit decreased.(2)With the increase of microwave power,energy yield of acetylene decreased,but space-time yield of acetylene increased.(3)With the increase of flow rate,energy yield and space-time yield of acetylene increased first and then decreased.Finally,under the reaction conditions of CH4 flow rate of 700 mL/min,n(CH4)/n(H2)ratio of 1/4 and microwave power of 400 W,the energy yield and space-time yield of acetylene could reach 0.337 mmol/kJ and 12.3 mol/(s m3),respectively.The reaction mechanism of methane coupling in microwave plasma has been investigated based on the thermodynamics of chemical reaction.Interestingly,the acetylene yield of methane coupling in microwave plasma was much higher than the maximum thermodynamic yield of acetylene.This phenomenon was tentatively explained from non-expansion work in the microwave plasma system.