Hierarchically organized micellization of thermoresponsive rod‐coil copolymers based on poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] and poly(ε‐caprolactone)

A series of amphiphilic triblock copolymers, poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate]_x‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate]_x, POEGMA_Co(x), were synthesized. Formation of hydrophobic domains as cores of the micelles was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The critical micelle concentrations in aqueous solution were found to be in the range of circa 10^?6 M. A novel methodology by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry was developed to determine critical micelle temperature. A significant concentration dependence of cmt was found. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed a bidispersed size distribution. The micelles showed reversible dispersion/aggregation in response to temperature cycles with lower critical solution temperature between 75 and 85 °C. The interplay of the two hydrophobic and one thermoresponsive macromolecular chains offers the chance to more complex morphologies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010     

A Simple Method for Determining the Critical Micellar Concentration of a Surfactant

This paper will present a simple method for critical micellar concentration (cmc) determination based on light scattering using a turbidimeter. The method does not require the optical clarification of the surfactant solution. The surfactant solutions were prepared from distilled water after boiling. Distinct cmc values were observed for polyoxyethylene mono n-dodecylether, sodium taurodeoxycholate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The cmc values obtained using the turbidity method were compared with cmc values obtained by the surface tension method and with data given in the literature. Values obtained by our simple method have comparable accuracy with data obtained from more elaborate experiments.     

Synthesis and solution properties of sulfate-type hybrid surfactants with a benzene ring

Nine novel sulfate-type hybrid surfactants, C_mF_2m+1C₆H₄CH(OSO₃Na)C_nH_2n+1 (FmPHnOS: m=4, 6, 8; n=3, 5, 7; C₆H₄: p-phenylene), with a benzene ring in their molecules were synthesized. Alkanoyl chlorides were allowed to react with iodobenzene in the presence of aluminum chloride to give the corresponding aromatic ketones. The reaction of the ketones with perfluoroalkyl iodides yielded 1-[4-(perfluoroalkyl)phenyl]-1-alkanones as intermediates. The intermediates were allowed to react with methanol in tetrahydrofuran in the presence of sodium borohydride to yield 1-[4-(perfluoroalkyl)phenyl]-1-alkanols. The desired hybrid surfactants were obtained by the reaction of 1-[4-(perfluoroalkyl)phenyl-1-alkanols with sulfur trioxide/pyridine complex in pyridine and by the subsequent neutralization of the products with sodium hydroxide solution. When compared with the conventional hybrid surfactants, C_mF_2m+1C₆H₄COCH(SO₃Na)C_nH_2n+1 (FmHnS: m=4, 6; n=2, 4, 6; C₆H₄: p-phenylene), the new hybrid surfactants thus synthesized were found to have a comparable ability to lower the surface tension of water and a high hydrophilicity. The cmc of FmPHnOS obeyed Kleven’s rule and their occupied areas per molecule increased with increasing m and n with the values between 0.66 and 1.05 nm². The aggregation number for FmPHnOS micelles ranged from 6 to 45 and the hydrodynamic radius of the micelles was in the range of 1.4-3.1 nm.     

1-萘胺探针研究Gemini表面活性剂的胶团性质

1-萘胺是一种具有分子内电荷转移特征的探针。利用它的荧光特征波长对环境极性的敏感性，其 logC曲线出现了2个浓度相距较大的转折点，第一个转折点对应临界胶团浓度cmc，第二个转折点Ccm则表征胶团结构达到较为密实的临界点。实验发现，Gemini表面活性剂在cmc时仅生成聚集数N较小的聚集体，在浓度从cmc增大至Ccm的区间内，N急剧增大。     

醇对磷脂酰胆碱CMC影响的研究

前文测定了磷脂酰胆碱的临界胶束浓度(CMC),在此工作的基础上,本文研究了醇对此临界胶束浓度的影响。发现随醇浓度的增加和碳链的增长,临界胶束浓度值呈有规律的下降趋势,与醇类对十二烷基磺酸钠CMC的影响相似。     

Synthesis and properties of gemini-type hydrocarbon-fluorocarbon hybrid surfactants

Gemini-type hybrid surfactants with two fluorocarbon chains connected through a hydrocarbon spacer, F(CF₂)_m(CH₂)₂CH(OSO₃Na)(CH₂)_nCH(OSO₃Na)(CH₂)₂(CF₂)_mF [Fm(Hn)FmOS, m = 4, 6; n = 5, 6, 7, 8)], were synthesized and their surface chemical properties were examined with the aim to have highly functional and highly water-soluble fluorinated surfactants when compared with the conventional fluorinated surfactants. Comparisons of the surface chemical properties of the synthesized gemini-type hybrid surfactants with those of monounit-type hybrid surfactants, F(CF₂)_m(CH₂)₂CH(OSO₃Na)(CH₂)_nH [FmEHnOS, m = 4, 6; n = 3, 5)], revealed that gemination causes a remarkable lowering (about 1/100) in cmc value while it produces little changes in Krafft point (below 0 °C) and surface tension at cmc (γ_cmc).     

QSPR模型对AE3SO3表面活性剂的cmc计算及其分子中EO基团对胶束化的作用

合成并纯化了三种阴离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯(3)醚磺酸钠AE₃SO₃ [CnH_2n+1(OE)₃SO₃Na (n=12, 14, 16)].用我们建立的定量结构-性质相关(QSPR)模型预测它们的cmc值,其结果与表面张力测定的实验值相吻合;并用QSPR计算分子中嵌入0～5个EO基团的C₁₂ESO₃的cmc值,表明EO具有疏水性.从Klevens经验公式和有机概念图均得出,EO链对AE₃SO₃疏水性的贡献随烷基链长增加(n=12～16)而逐渐减弱,3个EO基团分别相当于2.4, 2.3, 2.2个CH₂的疏水作用.热力学计算表明,在C₁₂SO₃中引入第1个EO后,胶束形成的ΔG°_mic下降约3 kJ/mol,相当于1个CH₂的疏水作用,而第2和第3个EO的引入使ΔG°mic下降约2 kJ/mol,即每个EO基团相当于1/3个CH₂的疏水作用;说明随着分子中EO数增加,每个EO基团的疏水性减弱,亲水性的作用越来越明显.长期被认作是亲水基团的EO也具有一定的疏水性.     

琥珀酸酯磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成及表面活性

以1-十二醇、1-十四醇、1-十六醇、1-十八醇、马来酸酐和乙二醇为主要原料,合成4种琥珀酸酯磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂;借助红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对所合成的化合物结构进行了表征。 4种表面活性剂均具有较低的临界胶束浓度,较强的乳化性能以及较好的泡沫性能。 进一步讨论了4种表面活性剂结构与性能的关系。     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚二聚和三聚表面活性剂的合成及表面性质

合成了系列壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚二聚表面活性剂(DNP)和三聚表面活性剂(TNP), 用核磁共振、红外光谱和元素分析等手段对其结构进行了表征, 并用表面张力法和稳态荧光法对DNP和TNP的表面性能进行了研究. 结果表明, 随着氧乙烯(EO)单元数的增长, DNP和TNP的临界胶束浓度(cmc)值逐渐增大; DNP和TNP的cmc值较相应的单体壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚表面活性剂(NP)明显降低, 显示了较高的表面活性、吸附能力和润湿能力.