具有高安全性和有效性的Ⅱ期两阶段临床试验

Ⅱ期临床试验的主要目的是对药物治疗的安全性和有效性进行评估.针对具有高安全性的Ⅱ期两阶段临床试验,给出小样本量下关于安全性和有效性的精确检验方法,并证明最大Ⅰ类错误概率与Ⅱ类错误概率分别在原假设和备择假设的边界处达到.在期望样本量最小原则下,给出最优两阶段设计的构造方法和常用设计表,供实际应用选用.     

植物保护专业课程教学实习的探索

分析了植物保护专业开设的＂普通昆虫学＂和＂普通植物病理学＂传统教学实习模式的内容和存在的问题,提出了＂病虫害一体联合教学实习模式＂,从内容、时间、方法、考核等方面入手,对如何提高学生动手能力和教学实习效果进行了探索。     

Application of ultrasound‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the rapid determination of synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites in biological samples

The constant emergence of new psychoactive substances is a challenge to clinical and forensic toxicologists who need to constantly update analytical techniques to detect them. A large portion of these substances are synthetic cannabinoids. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and simple method for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites in urine and blood using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The method involves an ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction that implies a rapid procedure, giving excellent extraction efficiencies with minimal use of toxic solvents. This is followed by silylation and analysis with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The chromatographic method allows for the separation and identification of 29 selected synthetic cannabinoids and some metabolites. The method was validated on urine and blood samples with the ability to detect and quantify all analytes with satisfactory limits of detection (from 1 to 5 ng/mL), limits of quantification (5 ng/mL), and selectivity and linearity (in the range of 5–200 ng/mL). The developed assay is highly applicable to laboratories with limited instrumental availability, due to the use of efficient and low‐cost sample preparation and instrumental equipment. The latter may contribute to enhance the detection of new psychoactive substances in clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories.     

混合教学模式在儿科学生临床实训中的应用与研究探索

目的:研究混合教学模式在儿科学生临床实训中的应用.方法:研究时间:2018年10月至2019年4月,研究对象:42例在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸中心实习的医学生,按照随机数字表法将其分为混合教学组(观察组)(n=21)、常规教学组(对照组)(n=21),给予观察组学生混合教学模式实训,给予对照组学生常规教学模式实训,观察两组学生的考核成绩、满意度及综合能力评定.结果:混合教学组(观察组)考核成绩、满意度、综合能力评定高于常规教学组(对照组),p<0.05.结论:混合教学模式在临床实训中的应用显著,学生考核成绩较好,满意度较高,值得临床推广和应用.     

Vegetable Extracts and Nutrients Useful in the Recovery from Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review on Clinical Trials

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections affect almost half of the world’s population, with gradually increasing incidence in developed countries. Eradication of H. pylori may provide significant benefits to the affected individual by healing a number of gastrointestinal and extra-digestive disorders. But due to increased microbial resistance and lack of patient adherence to the therapy, the eradication rate of H. pylori is below 80% with current pharmacological therapies. The usage of botanicals for their therapeutic purposes and medicinal properties have been increased in last decades. They can be use as alternative H. pylori treatments, especially against drug-resistant strains. Epidemiological studies have revealed that people with lower vegetable and micronutrient intake may be at increased risk of H. pylori infection. We have undertaken a review of clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of vegetable extracts and micronutrients in patients with H. pylori. Various databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, were searched for the articles published in English. A total of 24 clinical studies (15 for vegetable extracts and 9 for micronutrients) were selected to be reviewed and summarized in this article. Vegetable extracts (Broccoli sprouts, curcumin, Burdock complex, and Nigella sativa) and micronutrients (vitamin C and E) were not found to be as effective as single agents in H. pylori eradication, rather their efficacy synergized with conventional pharmacological therapies. Conversely, GutGard was found to be significantly effective as a single agent when compared to placebo control.     

A Disposable Planar Paper‐Based Potentiometric Ion‐Sensing Platform

Ion‐selective electrodes (ISEs) are widely used tools for fast and accurate ion sensing. Herein their design is simplified by embedding a potentiometric cell into paper, complete with an ISE, a reference electrode, and a paper‐based microfluidic sample zone that offer the full function of a conventional ISE setup. The disposable planar paper‐based ion‐sensing platform is suitable for low‐cost point‐of‐care and in‐field testing applications. The design is symmetrical and each interfacial potential within the cell is well defined and reproducible, so that the response of the device can be theoretically predicted. For a demonstration of clinical applications, paper‐based Cl^? and K⁺ sensors are fabricated with highly reproducible and linear responses towards different concentrations of analyte ions in aqueous and biological samples. The single‐use devices can be fabricated by a scalable method, do not need any pretreatment prior to use, and only require a sample volume of 20 μL.     

柳天蚕蛾多粒包埋核型多角体病毒的研究

本文报道柳天蚕蛾多粒包埋核型多角体病毒的分离,形态特征,组织病理及其生物活性研究。1985年10月从昆明大观楼柳树上采集的柳天蚕蛾自然罹病幼虫体中分离到一种多粒包埋(MEV)核型多角体病毒(NPV)。多角体呈不规则的多角形,大小不等,直径约为2.013±0.138μm。多角体在宿主细胞核内形成。病毒粒子在多角体内除少数为单粒包埋外,多数以2～15个核衣壳包埋成束,病毒束直径约为271.43±121.43nm,经弱碱处理而游离的病毒核衣壳杆状,微弯曲,两端钝圆,大小为433.34±33.34×77.5nm。属杆状病毒科(Baculoviridae),杆状病毒属(Entomopoxvirus),A亚群(Subgroup A)一种。缩写AsMNPV。用2-2000PIB/ml AsMNPV感染柳天蚕蛾3龄单个幼虫,7天后死亡率为28.2～98.0％,LC_(50)为6.82PIB/ml。用9.6-9.6×10~7PIB/ml感3龄群体幼虫,7天后死亡率为29.52～100％,LC_(50)为7.0896×10~1PIB/ml。用9.6×10~7PIB/ml分别感染1～4龄幼虫,9天后备龄幼虫死亡率分别为97％、95％、90％和70％。生物测定结果表明AsMNPV对柳天蚕蛾幼虫有很高的致死率,其幼虫对AsMNPV的敏感性,随虫龄的增大而递减。     

口腔正畸微种植体支抗技术的临床应用体会

目的:探讨微种植体支抗在口腔正畸中的临床应用,观察其治疗效果。方法:在日常正畸患者诊治中选择有最大支抗需求适应症者开展微种植体支抗技术矫治,总结2008年6月至2011年2月经治完成的11例病例的临床诊治效果。结果:所有患者在矫治结束后均达到各自具体的矫治目标,效果满意。结论:微种植体作为稳固的口内支抗,完全可以解决临床支抗存在的问题,实现传统方法较难达到的矫治目标和效果。     

Ptfv_1临床意义的探讨

Ptfv1值在判断心功能状态时具有参考价值 ,故密切注意患者的心电图Ptfv1的动态变化具有较重要的临床意义     

论老年慢性咳嗽的病机特点与临证辨治

老年慢性咳嗽的病机特点是易伤肺之气阴，最终多转化为肺脾气虚、痰浊恋肺或肺肾阴虚、痰浊恋肺两大证型，临床以补虚与祛邪并重为原则，分别采用补肺健脾、化痰止咳和滋阴润肺、化痰止咳的方法进行治疗，可收到很好的疗效．