Removal of P4, PH3 and H2S from Yellow Phosphoric Tail Gas by a Catalytic Oxidation Process

1Introduction　Since 1980’s ,C1chemistryhashadrapiddevelopmentbasedoncarbonmonoxideascarbonsource .Itispossibletosynthetizemethylformate,dimethylether,ethanoicacid ,methanol,methylcarbonatefromCO[1-2 ] .Yellowphosphorustailgases,withtheirhighCOcontent,couldactasanattractiverawmaterialgasforsynthetizationoftheseandotherproducts.Thereare ,therefore,twobenefits,theavoidanceofenvironmentalpollutionandreductionincostsofyellowphosphorusproduction .However,existingtechniqueshavesomedisadvantages,…     

气固流化床中气泡分布的实验研究

用摄像法研究了二维气固流化床的气泡行为，特别是气泡密度的分布规律。开发了针对摄像法研究气泡的数据处理方法，分析比较了布风板、颗粒直径、流化速度、床层高度对气泡分布密度的影响，并与模型计算结果进行了对比，得到气泡分布密度的变化规律。结果表明，气泡分布密度沿床高是不均匀的，存在气泡聚集现象；同一种颗粒在固定床高位置，气泡分布密度随流化速度的变化很小，基本保持稳定。     

Fluidization behavior of oil-contaminated sand

Hydrodynamic behavior of oil-polluted particles of sand was investigated in transparent glass column. The onset of fluidization of sand beds increased with the oil content of the bed. An increase of cohesive forces related to the higher content of liquid (oil) caused deterioration of the quality of fluidization. An empirical correlation was developed to predict the dimensionless gas velocity that keeps the bed of sticky particles fluidized. Results of this work can be employed for the design of fluidized-bed remediation units for oil-polluted sands and soils. An erratum to this article is available at .     

气-固流化床反应器内双流体力学模型及其验证Ⅲ.单组分两维射流床内射流特性

在湍流两相流理论建立的双流体力学模型基础上，编写了模拟气、固相流体动力学的ＣＡＳＩＣＣ软件包。本文详细地分析了射流流化床内射流（或气泡）边界的确定方法，模拟了不同操作条件下的射流穿透深度和射流频率，所得结果与前人的经验关联式相吻合。证明了该方法可用来预测灰熔聚粉煤气化及其它与射流床相关工艺的射流特性。     

Determination of a Solid Phase Mass Transfer Coefficient for Modeling an Adsorption Bed System Using Ammonium Molybdophosphate-Polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) as a Sorbent for the Removal of 137Cs from Acidic Nuclear Waste Solutions

Ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) immobilized on a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support is an engineered form of cesium selective sorbent material developed at the Czech Technical University in Prague. This material is being investigated as a sorbent for removing ¹³⁷Cs from Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) acidic sodium bearing waste (SBW) solution. As part of this study, a computer program to solve the partial differential equations (PDE's) for continuity and rate of exchange in a fixed bed system has been developed using numerical finite difference algorithms. These equations are solved iteratively in order to derive a mass transfer coefficient that agrees with the results of bench scale column experiments. This mass transfer coefficient is then applied in the PDE solutions to predict breakthrough behavior in a semi-scale column experiment. The model provided excellent agreement with the semi-scale data with a mass transfer coefficient of 0.0126 min^–1.     

Reactivity of oil shale ashes in the binding of SO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The extensive use of fossil fuels in energy production causes serious pollution of atmosphere with SO₂, CO₂, NO_x, etc. In Estonia the electricity production is based mainly on the pulverized firing (PF) of low-grade local fuel – Estonian oil shale (EOS) which is characterized by a low calorific value (~9 MJ kg^–1) and a high content of mineral matter (65–70%) from which approximately 50% are carbonates. Since 2004, also two boilers based on circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) of EOS are in exploitation. The present study is focused on the comparative investigation of the efficiency of different ashes collected from different technological points of CFB and PF boilers as sorbents for SO₂. The influence of experimental temperature on the SO₂-binding characteristics of ashes as well as the possibilities of activation of ashes (grinding, hydration) were investigated. It was shown that the SO₂-binding capacity of initial ashes at 700°C and p(SO₂)=190 mm Hg was for CFBC ashes 24–30 mg and for PF ashes 10–23 mg SO₂ per 100 mg sample, the best binding capacities belonging to economizer ash (ECOA) and electrostatic precipitator ash from the 1st field (PESPA1f), respectively. However, during initial stage of binding the best results were obtained with air pre-heater ash (PHAA) and ESPA1f (both CFBC ashes). Grinding improved the SO₂-binding ability, being the most effective in the case of bottom ash (BA) from CFBC and cyclone ash (PCA) from PF – increase in binding capacity 2 and 2.3 times, respectively. As compared to initial CFBC ashes, the binding characteristics of PF ashes remained lower even after grinding. Hydration and previous calcination improved the binding characteristics only of PF ashes. Hereby, the SO₂-binding ability of CFBC ashes is better than of PF ashes and they are more promising sorbents for acidic gases, for example, for sulphur dioxide.     

On the Circulation Structure and Formation Mechanism of the Cold Water Mass of the Yellow Sea (Ⅰ)——Zero-order Solution and Circulation Structure

A series of studies have been made on the circulation structure and the responsible mechanisms related to the Cold Water Mass of the Yellow Sea. From the present model governing the nonlinear thermally driven circulation in shallow seas, some complete analytical solutions of temperature and velocity components have been obtained in this paper by solving the coupled equations of motion and heat conduction. The results demonstrate that the wind-induced stirring and the tidal mixing are all responsible for the termal structure formation of Cold Water Mass. The computed vertical convection (u-w) develops only within a thin layer (called "a current shell" here) in the vicinity of thermocline while the deeper layer remains almost motionless. This current structure represents well the maintenance mechanisms of thermocline or the Cold Watermass during the summer.     

Steroselective Hydrolysis of DL‐Beta‐Acetylthioisobutyramide Catalyzed by Genetically Engineered E. Coli Immobilized on Celite 580 in a Packed Bed Bioreactor

Pseudomonas putida IFO12996 catalyzes the stereoselective hydrolysis of methyl dl ‐β‐acetylthioisobutyramide (dl ‐ATIA) to form d ‐β‐acetylthioisobutyric acid (DAT), a key intermediate for synthesis of a series of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The esterase gene of Pseudomonas putida IFO12996 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli which was further immobilized and retained on a packed bed bioreactor filled with Celite 580. The packed bed bioreactor was used to conduct the stereoselective hydrolysis of dl ‐ATIA and to give DAT with a yield of 34.5%, enantiometric excess value of 97% and enantioselectivity value > 150. The optimal pH and temperature for the reaction were 9.0 and 57 °C ～ 67 °C, respectively. The kinetic constants (Km and Vmax) of immobilized cells were found to be 372.5 mM and 285.7 μmol min^?1 (g cell)^?1, respectively. The immobilized cells retained over 60% of the initial catalytic activity after 5 batch cycles of production. This paper presents a simple, practical and economical process of immobilization of genetically engineered E. coli on a novel packed bed bioreactor for production of DAT.     

丙烯氨氧化生产丙烯腈工业流化床反应器的模型化

在对已有的流化床的流动参数和反应器模型化研究成果的基础上，提出了一个适用于有内构件的丙烯氨氧化制丙烯腈工业流化床反应器两相流动数学模型，在模型中的晕相采用平推流模型，乳浊相采用全混釜串联模型。经过一系列生产数据的检验，证明该模型能够准确描述不同生产负荷下反应器的行为。     

流化床换热器的研究与应用

流化床换热器是一种新型的换热器,由于它具有防垢特性,受到了学术界和产业界的极大关注。该文概要介绍了流化床换热器的研究现状、传热特性、防垢特性以及工业应用前景。