Studies on the blends of cardanol-based epoxidized novolac resin and CTPB

Cardanol-based novolac-type phenolic resins were synthesized with different mole ratios of cardanol-to-formaldehyde, viz., 1:0.6, 1:0.7, and 1:0.8. These novolac resins were epoxidized with molar excess of epichlorohydrin at 120 °C in basic medium. The epoxidized novolac resins were, separately, blended with different weight ratios of carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene liquid rubber ranging between 0-25 wt% with an interval of 5 wt%. All the blends were cured at 150 °C with 40 wt% polyamide. The formation of various products during the curing of blend samples has been studied by Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopic analysis. The tensile strength and elongation-at-break of the cured samples increased up to 15 wt% in the blend and decreased thereafter. This blend sample was also found to be most thermally stable system. The blend morphology, studied by scanning electron microscopy analysis, was finally correlated with the structural and property changes in the blends.     

化学教学中的美育初探

论述了化学审美在学生对客观事物的认识和改造过程中的重要性.试图将美的哲学渗透于整个化学教学中,并引导学生去感受、鉴赏、探索、创造物质在化学领域中所蕴含的美,铸就学生美的人生态度,从而使学生的综合素质得以提高.     

A method and program for mass quantum chemical calculations of protein—ligand docking complexes

A new fast computational method for mass calculations of docking complexes by the AM1/PM3 semiempirical methods is proposed. The computation time is shortened by at least an order of magnitude compared to alternative schemes of quantum chemical calculations. The root-mean-square deviation of the AM1 calculated energies of formation of complexes from the results obtained by conventional diagonalization procedure is at most 0.4 kcal mol⁻¹. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 418–420, February, 2008.     

Physics in Melbourne

I survey highlights of the practice of physics and allied sciences in Melbourne,Australia, from the 1850s, soon after Europeans first settled in the area, to the present. I note recognizable sites of past and current physical-science activity that may be visited, as well as exhibits of historic items of physics apparatus. I trace the role of physics, in the course of a century and a half, in the evolution of a pioneering settlement into a large city embedded in a modern industrial economy.     

The design of molecules containing planar tetracoordinate carbon

A novel preference for planar tetracoordination was observed over the conventional tetrahedral arrangement in a new series of C₅H₂, C₅H₄, C₅H₄^1+/2+ and related compounds. The stability of these molecules is assessed with the ring-opening barriers, HOMO-LUMO gap, singlet-triplet energy differences and nucleus independent chemical shift values.     

Enhancement of Overall Photovoltaic Efficiency by Changing the Position of the Attaching Group -RSO3- on the Hemicyanine Dye Molecules

A new photoresponsive D-π-A dye, mPS, has been designed and synthesized.Compared to the parent dye PS, IPCE values in the region from 400 nm to 560 nm was greatly improved upon changing the attaching group from the p- position to the o- position of the π-conjugation bridge. A solar cell based on mPS generated a remarkably high overall yield η of 5.4% under irradiation of 80.0 mW cm^-2 white light from a Xe lamp, Compared with PS, the overall yield η increased by 64%.     

Simultaneous Determination of Carbamate and Organophosphorus Pesticides in Honeybees by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Summary The potential of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been studied for the simultaneous determination of sixteen carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides in honeybees using a traditional sample preparation protocol based on acetone extraction and dichloromethane partitioning. The performances of both atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray (ES) interfaces were compared. APCI offered better sensitivity and specificity for a higher range of pesticides. Limits of quantification were from 0.01 to 0.17 mg kg^–1, at which recoveries obtained were between 64 and 93%, except for pirimicarb that was at 13%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 7 to 20%. Fenitrothion, fenoxycarb, methiocarb and phoxim were found in bees from Valencian Community beehives at concentrations between 0.03 and 3.75 mg kg^–1.     

Time-Reversed Dynamical Entropy and Irreversibility in Markovian Random Processes

A concept of time-reversed entropy per unit time is introduced in analogy with the entropy per unit time by Shannon, Kolmogorov, and Sinai. This time-reversed entropy per unit time characterizes the dynamical randomness of a stochastic process backward in time, while the standard entropy per unit time characterizes the dynamical randomness forward in time. The difference between the time-reversed and standard entropies per unit time is shown to give the entropy production of Markovian processes in nonequilibrium steady states.     

论企业产权与会计信息失真

从会计和产权的角度出发,分析了我国会计信息失真原因,提出了相应的治理措施。