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91.
Relative protonation energies in the primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic series of amines are calculated by a semiempirical
method employing the virtual charge model. The method accounts quite well for the observed differences between the gas-phase
protonation affinities and the protonation enthalpies in solution, but when allowance is made for steric shielding from the
bulk solvent for “non-edge” atoms, some anomalies in the uncorrected model are removed. The calculated solute-solvent interactions
are related to experimental enthalpies of solution and to trends expected from the Born model. 相似文献
92.
Summary Electrophoretic mobility measurements in the pH 2‐10 range are described for several commercial HPLC silica microparticles
and a laboratory-produced product. The content of metal impurities for the silicas was also determined by AAS. An acidic/hydrothermal
treatment was used to generate a more homogenous surface for some of the silicas. The zero points of charge (zpc) for both
a native and a treated silica plus several commercial HPLC silicas were compared. The electrophoretic mobility method may
be useful in predicting the utility of certain types of silica supports for chromatographic separations. 相似文献
93.
Effect of solution chemistry on the surface charge of polymeric reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A streaming potential analyzer has been used to investigate the effect of solution chemistry on the surface charge of four commercial reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes. Zeta potentials of these membranes were analyzed for aqueous solutions of various chemical compositions over a pH range of 2 to 9. In the presence of an indifferent electrolyte (NaCl), the isoelectric points of these membranes range from 3.0 to 5.2. The curves of zeta potential versus solution pH for all membranes display a shape characteristic of amphoteric surfaces with acidic and basic functional groups. Results with salts containing divalent ions (CaCl2, Na2SO4, and MgSO4) indicate that divalent cations more readily adsorb to the membrane surface than divalent anions, especially in the higher pH range. Three sources of humic acid, Suwannee River humic acid, peat humic acid, and Aldrich humic acid, were used to investigate the effect of dissolved natural organic matter on membrane surface charge. Other solution chemistries involved in this investigation include an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and a cationic surfactant (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide). Results show that humic substances and surfactants readily adsorb to the membrane surface and markedly influence the membrane surface charge. 相似文献
94.
The new layered ternary compound Nb3GexTe6 (x ? 0.90) was prepared by direct combination of the elements taken in the stoichiometric proportions 3 : 1 : 6, heated at 1 000 °C for 10 days in silica tubes and quenched to room temperature. The phase crystallizes in the orthorhombic symmetry, space group Pnma (#62), with the following single crystal refined parameters: a = 643.18(5) pm, b = 1391.98(11)pm and c = 1 154.07(5) pm, with Z = 4. The structure was refined to an R of 3.4% (Rw = 4.6%), with 1969 independent reflexions and 49 parameters. The structure is based on the close stacking of trigonal prismatic (TP) slabs in the AA/BB mode. The slabs can be seen as built up from face sharing biprisms, which are filled either by one or by two niobium cations situated in the middle of the trigonal prisms. The germanium is located in the middle of the common face of two prisms, leading to a rather unusual anionic square coordination. The refinements showed that this latter cation does not fill completely its square site. No cation was found in the van der Waals gap between the slabs. The mean dGe? Te distance (276.5 pm) is in agreement with GeII cations, while some Te …? Te distances (from 333.84 to 361.65pm) are too short for anions in a simple contact. These bonding distances, already mentionned in some MTe2 compounds, are to be ascribed to charge transfer in the structure, with a partial oxidation state for the tellurium anions. Short Nb? Nb and Nb? Ge distances (292.0 and 281.3 pm, respectively) imply intercationic bonding within the slabs. 相似文献
95.
We developed a novel measurement method of the Donnan potential difference at a charged membrane/salt solution interface. The method can measure the potential under the condition that the membrane charge density is much lower than the KCl concentration of the salt bridge. This method is very useful for obtaining the effective charge density of each layer of a bipolar membrane. The present experiments in a system of a negatively charged poly(vinyl alcohol) membrane and a single salt solution of KCl, NaCl, LiCl, CaCl2 and LaC3 revealed that the membrane effective charged density has the same value for all the ions. The experiments in mixed KCl and CaCl2 solution revealed that the potential in the system is governed mainly by the concentration of the counterion having the highest valence in the system. 相似文献
96.
变温ERP研究揭示氟烷基化富勒烯C_(60)(R_f)_n与四(N,N-二甲基)氨基乙烯 (TDAE)间稳定的电荷转移络合物TDAE-C_(60)(R_f)_n的居里温度高达190K[R_f = C_3F_7,H(CF_2)_4]。而非氟烷基化络合物TDAE-C_(60)的相应值仅为16.1K。 这种铁磁性可能是络合物分子中氟烷基化富勒烯多价阴离子基在相应居里温度下具 有某种有序排列的缘故。 相似文献
97.
98.
99.
The interaction energy of a molecule M with a point-like charge q can be partitioned into simpler contributions, two of which can be expressed in terms of the charge distribution M of the sole M. The first term, qV(r), represents the interaction of q with the undistorted charge
M
0
of M while the second q
2
P(r) gives the additional contributions due to the polarization of
M
0
under the influence of the charge q placed at the point r. In this paper we investigate the possibility of getting an inexpensive and sufficiently accurate analytical representation of P(r) over the whole space outside the van der Waals volume of M. 相似文献
100.
Manabu Tanaka Kaoru Hatta Tomohiko Edura Ken Tsutsui Yasuo Wada Hiroyuki Nishide 《先进技术聚合物》2007,18(11):925-931
The electric conductivity of π‐conjugated and radical‐bearing polymers, i.e., polythiophenes bearing pendant galvinoxyl and phenoxyl radical groups, was measured using a microcomb‐shaped electrode. The electric conductivity was found to be enhanced by the radical content in the polymer. The infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies suggested a structural change from an aromatic form to a quinoid one in the polythiophene backbone by the phenoxyl radical generation. The effect of the pendant galvinoxyl radical's unpaired electron on the electric conductivity of the polythiophene was discussed by comparing the conductivity of a radical‐bearing polystyrene and a polythiophene mixed with low‐molecular radical molecules. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献