乙醇—乙酸丁乙酯,环己烷—异丙醇二元系统的等温汽液平衡

应用液上气相色谱法分别测定了乙醇－乙酸丁酯、环己烷－异丙醇两个二无系统在没温度下的温汽－液平衡数据，经检验数据均满足热力学一致性要求，采用单纯形法分别优化出上棕两个二元系统在不同温度范围内的ＮＲＴＬ、Ｗ两种模型参数，为了拓宽两个二元系统模型参数的温度适用范围，，拟合时将中相同二元系统的其它温度下的汽液平衡数据与所测定的汽液平衡数据一起关联，并把ＮＲＴＬ、Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ模型参数均表示为温度的函数，拟合     

乙醇-柴油在线混合燃料的燃烧排放特性

为了改善柴油机在不同工况时的排放,建立了超声波乙醇柴油在线混合装置,以实现适时混合不同比例的乙醇柴油燃料。在一台柴油机上试验研究了这种在线混合燃料的燃烧与排放特性,结果表明:随着混合燃料中乙醇体积分数的增加,碳烟排放明显降低,其最大降幅达74%,而且燃烧持续期缩短;但在中、高负荷工况NOx排放明显增多,因此尚需采取措施降低乙醇柴油混合燃料燃烧时的NOx排放。在一台可视化发动机上的研究结果表明:随着乙醇体积分数的增加,燃烧持续期也缩短,而且火焰亮度降低,碳烟形成得到了抑制。     

Study of some volumetric and refractive properties of {PEG 300 (1) + ethanol (2)} mixtures at several temperatures

Molar volumes and excess molar volumes were investigated from measured density values for {PEG 300 (1) + ethanol (2)} binary mixtures at temperatures from 278.15 to 313.15 K. Both systems exhibit negative excess volumes probably due to increased interactions like hydrogen bonding and/or large differences in molar volumes of the components. Volume thermal expansion coefficients were also calculated for both binary mixtures and pure solvents. Refractive indices were also determined for all these non-aqueous mixtures and neat solvents at all temperatures. Furthermore, the Jouyban–Acree model was used for density, molar volume and refractive index correlations of the studied mixtures at different temperatures. The mean relative deviations between experimental and back-calculated density, molar volume and refractive index data were 0.07%, 0.99% and 0.01%, respectively.     

Au-Pt催化剂的控制合成及其对乙醇电氧化性能

乙醇电氧化（EOR）是直接乙醇燃料电池和电解乙醇制氢共有的阳极反应.Au@Pt核壳和AuPt合金是广泛使用的两种电催化材料,迄今尚无两者对EOR性能的对比研究.以CO作为还原剂和淬灭剂合成了近似Pt单层的Au@Pt/C催化剂,作为对照,以NaBH₄还原法合成了相同Au∶Pt物质的量比和金属载量的AuPt/C催化剂;运用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描透射电子显微镜-能谱仪（STEM-EDS）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等手段综合表征了两者结构之差异,同时以电化学循环伏安法和计时电流法测试了在碱性体系中其对EOR的电催化性能.结果表明,相比于商业化的Pt/C和Au/C,Au@Pt/C和AuPt/C对EOR的活性和稳定性均有着显著提升;Au@Pt/C对EOR的电催化活性和对C-C键断裂能力略优于AuPt/C.双金属催化剂中Au与Pt之间的晶格应力和部分电荷转移等效应可能是其性能提升的主要原因.     

X-射线吸收谱原位表征Cu-Zn/SiO2催化剂Cu价态

铜基催化剂的价态组成与制备方法、还原温度有关,也是决定其催化性能的关键因素.本文对比研究Cu-Zn/SiO₂和Cu/SiO₂催化剂前驱体在不同还原温度下的价态组成及其醋酸甲酯加氢性能.采用同步辐射X射线吸收谱原位表征催化剂前驱体的Cu K边的X射线近边吸收谱（XANES）,通过线性组合分析方法（LCF）拟合XANES吸收谱得到了催化剂前驱体在不同还原温度下氧化态（Cu²⁺、Cu⁺）和金属态（Cu⁰）的组分含量.结果表明：（1）采用蒸氨法添加Zn制备的Cu-Zn/SiO₂催化剂前驱体铜组分还原度高;（2）催化剂前驱体在还原过程中Cu⁺主要存在于低温还原阶段（<250℃）,且Cu⁰+Cu⁺含量较低（≤ 40%）;（3）金属态铜是醋酸酯加氢反应的活性中心.     

Ni-based catalysts obtained from perovskites oxides for ethanol steam reforming

Perovskites as host structures of cations were used in order to generate in situ active and stable catalysts for ethanol steam reforming. For this purpose, La_1-xMg_xAl_1-yNi_yO₃ (x = 0.1; y= 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) perovskites were synthetized by the citrate method. Ni segregation is evident for a substitution level higher than 0.2. The segregation of Ni as NiO generated species interacts with different metal-support after the reduction step. The y= 0.1 catalyst presents the highest H₂ yield value about 85% during reaction time, with low mean values of CH₄ and CO selectivities of 3.4% and 11%, respectively and a low carbon formation. The better performance of y= 0.1 catalyst could be attributed to the minor proportion of segregated phases, thus a controlled expulsion of Ni is successfully reached.     

Trametes versicolor ethanol extract,a promising candidate for health–promoting food supplement

This study aimed to estimate antiradical, antioxidant (AO) and cytotoxic activities of the fungus Trametes versicolor ethanol fruiting body extract. The extract was found to effectively scavenge both O₂^?? and NO^? (29.62 and 52.48 μg/mL, respectively). It also showed a good AO activity in the polarographic HPMC assay (950%/mL). p-Hydroxybenzoic acid may be one of the responsible compounds for the afore-mentioned activities. The same extract also exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HepG2 tumour cell lines reaching IC₅₀ values of 123.51 and 134.29 μg/mL, respectively with no cytotoxic activity against normal MRC-5 cells. Gentisic, syringic and protocatechuic acids may be among the bioactive principles for the observed cytotoxicity. Taken all together, T. versicolor ethanol extract can be considered as a promising candidate for development of health promoting food supplement.     

氯化钙在乙醇氧化制乙醛实验中的应用

应用氯化钙与乙醇形成的结晶醇在加热条件下释放出乙醇的性质,作为乙醇氧化成乙醛实验中乙醇蒸气的固体载体,增加实验操作的方便性,同时节约了乙醇;将乙醛生成和检验实验同步进行,解决了演示实验时间长和教材实验依靠闻乙醛气味的不可靠性。     

两种制备铂纳米颗粒方法的比较

用乙醇回流及NaBH4还原两种方法制备了Pt纳米颗粒,用UV Vis光谱、TEM对铂纳米颗粒进行了表征,比较了两种合成方法的特点.     

Xylose fermentation

The economic impact of conversion of xylose to ethanol for a wood-to-ethanol plant was examined, and the maximum potential reduction in the price of ethanol from utilization of xylose is estimated to be 0.42 per gallon from a base case price of0.42 per gallon from a base case price of 1.65. The sensitivity of the price of ethanol to the yield, ethanol concentration and rate of the xylose fermentation was also examined, and the price of ethanol is most affected by changes in yield and ethanol concentration, with rate of lesser importance. Current performances of various xylose conversion biocatalysts were analyzed, andC. shehatae andP. stipitis appear to be the best yeasts.