Hydrogen bonding in ethanol – a high pressure neutron diffraction study

We have determined the high pressure structure of perdeuterated ethanol by using neutron powder diffraction in the pressure region ～2.5–4.0?GPa and compare it to that previously measured by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the one suggested by ab initio structure calculations. In contrast to previous X-ray single-crystal studies, we see no evidence for a disordered proton around the hydroxyl group, but confirm the monoclinic symmetry in the measured pressure region. We also present the compression behaviour of the unit cell in this pressure range.     

碱诱导自组装合成Pd/Ni-Mo2C纳米催化剂用于乙醇电催化氧化

本研究采用简易的碱性诱导自组装的方法制备了一种新型纳米Pd/Ni-Mo₂C （2-6 nm）催化剂。该催化剂在碱性体系中对乙醇的电催化氧化展现出优异的性能。催化活性为2832.2 mA/mgPd,剩余电流密度为447.8 mA/mgPd,分别是质量分数10%商业Pd/C催化剂（1107.6和96.1 mA/mgPd）的2.6和4.7倍。     

基于单片机的双燃料汽化器微机控制系统设计

汽油发动机双燃料汽化器采用乙醇和汽油分开放置的燃料储存方式,避免了乙醇汽油存在的诸多弊端,在此,设计了以AT89S52单片机为核心的双燃料汽化器的微机控制系统,该控制系统实现了双燃料汽化器的按键显示、缺液检测及报警、发动机转速测量及计算、乙醇泵堵转检测及保护、乙醇量喷射控制、液压缸液压杆限位检测及保护等功能,同时,能实时采集汽车发动机的转速信号,通过预置的软件对发动机转速进行分析,精确计算出乙醇单次喷射时间和喷射频率,从而准确控制乙醇与空气、汽油的按配比混合掺烧,提高了汽油的燃烧效率,降低了油耗,减少了有害物质的排放,达到了节能减排的目的。实际应用中,该控制系统运行稳定,抗干扰性能良好,控制准确,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

超滤法处理糖蜜酒精废液的研究

研究了用于超波技术处理糖蜜精废液的方法，给出了超滤时间，超波压力差与透过通量的关系，以及酒精废液超滤脱色，有机物去除量的规律，并探讨了超滤法处理糖蜜酒废液过程的内在机理。     

Molecular and crystal structure of an ethanol solvate of 6-O-Methylerythromycin A

6-O-Methylerythromycin A (clarithromycin) ethanol solvate, C₃₈H₆₉NO₁₃·0.5(C₂H₅OH), crystallizes in orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁ with a = 8.8459(14) ?, b = 14.616(2)?, c = 38.787(8) ?, V = 5014.9(15) ?³, Z = 4. The conformation of clarithromycin in the title compound is essentially the same as that in previously studied clarithromycin unsolvated crystal and its methanol solvate. However, the crystal structure of the title compound differs from the previously studied structures due to differences in hydrogen bonding which lead to different molecular packing arrangements. The lactone carbonyl oxygen atom is not involved in hydrogen bonding, which is consistent with IR data. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2009 by Z. M. Jin, L. L. Ma, W. X. Wei, C. S. Lin, and W. Z. Li The text was submitted by the authors in English. Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 192–196, January–February, 2009.     

Ethanol adsorption on SrTiO3 surfaces

Using a quantum chemical method developed for crystalline systems and a periodic large unit cell (LUC) model, ethanol, CH₃CH₂OH, adsorption on the SrTiO₃ (001) surfaces is studied, considering both cubic and tetragonal lattices of the crystal. The investigation is carried out for the ethanol molecule as a whole complex and considering its decomposition into the ethylene and water. The structural and electronic effects involved in the adsorption are discussed. The obtained results predict a higher possibility of ethanol adsorption on the Ti? O₂ face of the SrTiO₃ (001) surfaces for both crystallographic lattices. The favored ethanol adsorption as a whole complex testifies the possibility of the ethanol molecule formation from the ethylene and water on the SrTiO₃ (001) surface with the former acting as a catalyst. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006     

Sorption studies on regenerated cellulosic fibers in salt–alkali mixtures

The degrees of salt sorption were determined in lyocell and viscose fibers immersed in aqueous solutions of salt–alkali mixtures with the aim of using salt sorption as an indirect measure of changes to fiber accessibility in presence of alkali. The salt–alkali mixtures used were combinations of NaOH with NaCl or NaBr, and of KOH with KCl or KBr. In general, salt sorption in fibers increased with increase in alkali concentration up to 2 mol/l, and did not change significantly thereafter. The accessibility of Br⁻ salts was greater than the Cl⁻ salts, but that of the Na⁺ salts was greater than the K⁺ salts. These trends in salt sorption indicate that salt accessibility in fibers is not influenced by the size of hydrated salt ions, but by the forces of electrostatic attraction and repulsion between the charged fiber surface and salt cations and anions.     

A sequential enzymatic microreactor system for ethanol detection of gasohol mixtures

A sequential enzymatic double microreactor system with dilution line was developed for quantifying ethanol from gasohol mixtures, using a colorimetric detection method, as a new proposal to the single micro reactor system used in previous work. Alcohol oxidase (AOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized on glass beads, one in each microreactor, were used with phenol and 4-aminophenazone and the red-colored product was detected with a spectrophotometer at 555 nm. Good results were obtained with the immobilization technique used for both AOD and HRP enzymes, with best retention efficiencies of 95.3 ± 2.3% and 63.2 ± 7.0%, respectively. The two microreactors were used to analyze extracted ethanol from gasohol blends in the range 1–30 % v/v (10.0–238.9 g ethanol/L), with and without an on-line dilution sampling line. A calibration curve was obtained in the range 0.0034–0.087 g ethanol/L working with the on-line dilution integrated to the biosensor—FIA system proposed. The diluted sample concentrations were also determined by gas chromatography (GC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods and the results compared with the proposed sequential system measurements. The effect of the number of analysis performed with the same system was also investigated.     

含卡宾或烯酮基铁簇合物作为乙醇合成机理模型的研究

用含卡宾或烯酮的铁簇合物为模型,在模拟多相反应的条件下,研究了它们与H_2,H_2/CO,H_2/CO/CH_3OH 和H_2/CO/CD_3OD 的反应行为。在95℃和2.0 MPa的条件下,Fe_2(μ-CH_2)(CO)_8/SiO_2与含有合成气的甲醇反应可得 43％的醋酸甲酯,同时伴有甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、乙醛和乙醇等产物。与引入全氘代甲醇的合成气反应后,可得到氘代产物DCH_2COOCD_3和CH_3 COOCD_3.DCH_2 COOCD_3与A_cOCD_3(=DCH_2COOCD_3+CH_3COOCD_3)的相对丰度比随CD_3OD与H_2比值的减小而降低,由此可推测烯酮加成与烯酮氢化成乙酰基中间体这一对竞争反应。     

Standard molar enthalpies and volumes of adamantane in methanol,ethanol, acetone,andn-dodecane. Interpretation using the scaled-particle theory

The volumes and enthalpies of solution of adamantane and of cyclohexane in methanol, ethanol, acetone, and n-dodecane have been measured as a function of concentration at 25°C. The standard molar volumes and enthalpies of adamantane have been resolved into cavity and interaction terms. The former have been calculated from the equations of the scaled-particle theory whereas the latter have been deduced from a model which assumes some proportionality between adamantane-solvent and cyclohexane-solvent interactions. The model, which had been previously verified with normal liquids, now also proves to be very satisfactory with solvents involving strong, nonadditive interactions.