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81.
82.
大插入片段宏基因组文库的构建是开发大片段目的基因及分析其结构与功能的基础.文中分别采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)法、试剂盒及琼脂糖包埋法提取活性污泥宏基因组DNA,其中琼脂糖包埋法获得的DNA片段大于23kbp,利用此DNA成功构建了以pCC1FOS为载体的Fosmid文库,该文库含有5280个克隆,平均插入片段长度为35~40 kbp,共包含约200 Mbp的宏基因组DNA.从此文库中随机挑选200个克隆,利用活性筛选方法快速筛选到了1个含有淀粉酶的阳性克隆,表明活性污泥Fosmid文库可用于功能基因的活性筛选,具有开发新基因的潜力. 相似文献
83.
污水处理厂污泥的资源化处理 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
郭亚丽 《科技情报开发与经济》2004,14(7):140-141
污水处理产生的污泥中含有不同的有机物和无机污染物,其处置以减量化、稳定化、无害化和资源化为目的。污泥的土地利用、污泥消化制沼气、污泥燃料化技术、污泥的建材利用及污泥的其他几种资源化处理方法,有利于污泥处理效率的提高和环境的改善。 相似文献
84.
采用无机酸作为浸出剂对不锈钢酸洗污泥中的重金属进行浸出,在相同条件下,各种酸的浸出效率顺序为:硫酸 >盐酸 >硝酸.讨论了硫酸浸出酸洗污泥时浸出时间、硫酸浓度、液固比和温度等条件对金属浸出率的影响.结果表明,硫酸浓度和液固比对镍铬的浸出率有较大的影响,而温度的影响较小.在液固比为6:1、温度为30℃、硫酸浓度为3 mol/L以及浸出时间为90 min的条件下,污泥中镍、铬、铁和锰的浸出率分别为99.3%,99.2%,99.8%和93.2%,残余污泥中镍铬含量符合排放标准. 相似文献
85.
The adsorption characteristics of Remazol Black B on anoxic sludge were investigated. The parameters, such as initial pH, sulphate concentration, and temperature,affecting the dye adsorption were studied. The adsorption data were analyzed with three adsorption isotherm models,namely Langmuir, Freudlich, and linear partition. The results showed that adsorption of Remazol Black B on the sterilized sludge reached equilibrium in 4 h. It also indicated that pH had significant effect on anoxic sludge adsorption behavior. The adsorption capacity of anoxic sludge decreased with the increase of pH value and the maximum adsorption capacity of dyes occurred at pH = 3. The adsorptive capacities increased with the decrease of temperature and increase of sulphate concentration. Results also indicated that the adsorption equilibrium of Remazol Black B on anoxic sludge could be well fitted by Freundlich model. 相似文献
86.
Stephan Wasielewski Eduard Rott Ralf Minke Heidrun Steinmetz 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(1)
Sludge water (SW) arising from the dewatering of anaerobic digested sludge causes high back loads of ammonium, leading to high stress (inhibition of the activity of microorganisms by an oversupply of nitrogen compounds (substrate inhibition)) for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). On the other hand, ammonium is a valuable resource to substitute ammonia from the energy intensive Haber-Bosch process for fertilizer production. Within this work, it was investigated to what extent and under which conditions Carpathian clinoptilolite powder (CCP 20) can be used to remove ammonium from SW and to recover it. Two different SW, originating from municipal WWTPs were investigated (SW1: c0 = 967 mg/L NH4-N, municipal wastewater; SW2: c0 = 718–927 mg/L NH4-N, large industrial wastewater share). The highest loading was achieved at 307 K with 16.1 mg/g (SW1) and 15.3 mg/g (SW2) at 295 K. Kinetic studies with different specific dosages (0.05 gCLI/mgNH4-N), temperatures (283–307 K) and pre-loaded CCP 20 (0–11.4 mg/g) were conducted. At a higher temperature a higher load was achieved. Already after 30 min contact time, regardless of the sludge water, a high load up to 7.15 mg/g at 307 K was reached, achieving equilibrium after 120 min. Pre-loaded sorbent could be further loaded with ammonium when it was recontacted with the SW. 相似文献
87.
Chiara Cavaliere Anna Laura Capriotti Andrea Cerrato Laura Lorini Carmela Maria Montone Francesco Valentino Aldo Lagan Mauro Majone 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(3)
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are well-known biodegradable plastics produced by various bacterial strains, whose major drawback is constituted by the high cost of their synthesis. Producing PHAs from mixed microbial cultures and employing organic wastes as a carbon source allows us to both reduce cost and valorize available renewable resources, such as food waste and sewage sludge. However, different types of pollutants, originally contained in organic matrices, could persist into the final product, thus compromising their safety. In this work, the exploitation of municipal wastes for PHA production is evaluated from the environmental and health safety aspect by determining the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in both commercial and waste-based PHA samples. Quantification of PAHs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on 24 PHA samples obtained in different conditions showed very low contamination levels, in the range of ppb to a few ppm. Moreover, the contaminant content seems to be dependent on the type of PHA stabilization and extraction, but independent from the type of feedstock. Commercial PHA derived from crops, selected for comparison, showed PAH content comparable to that detected in PHAs derived from organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Although there is no specific regulation on PAH maximum levels in PHAs, detected concentrations were consistently lower than threshold limit values set by regulation and guidelines for similar materials and/or applications. This suggests that the use of organic waste as substrate for PHA production is safe for both the human health and the environment. 相似文献
88.
89.
A new method for determining endocrine disrupter compounds (EDCs) in sewage sludge is described in this paper. EDCs studied were bisphenol A (BPA) and alkylphenols (APs). In order to obtain a fast and simple method, selective pressurised liquid extraction (SPLE) and focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction (FUSLE) were tested. Best results for SPLE were obtained using Florisil as clean-up sorbent and dichloromethane as extraction solvent, while temperature was the only significant variable. Analyte extraction by SPLE was completed in only one extraction cycle of 1 min at 130 °C. FUSLE was carried out in one step of 20 s at 75% power (0.5 cycles) and with 8 mL of ethyl acetate. Although the optimised FUSLE process was faster, simpler and cheaper, SPLE provided higher recovery values (ranging from 81 to 105%) and therefore SPLE-based method was selected and validated. The SPLE and GC-MS method showed an LOD of 10.7 ng/g for BPA and LODs between 1.2 and 41.6 ng/g for APs. Relative standard deviation values lower than 6% were obtained for all analytes. As a result, an efficient, fast and simple method based on SPLE and GC-MS for the determination of BPA and APs in sewage sludge is proposed. 相似文献
90.
Laura Vallecillos Francesc Borrull Eva Pocurull 《Journal of separation science》2012,35(20):2735-2742
A method for the quantitative determination of ten musk fragrances extensively used in personal care products from sewage sludge was developed by using a pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by an automated ionic liquid‐based headspace single‐drop microextraction and gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The influence of main factors on the efficiency of PLE was studied. For all musks, the highest recovery values were achieved using 1 g of pretreated sewage sludge, H2O/methanol (1:1) as an extraction solvent, a temperature of 80°C, a pressure of 1500 psi, an extraction time of 5 min, 2 cycles, a 100% flush volume, a purge time of 120 s, and 1 g Florisil as in‐cell clean‐up extraction sorbent. The use and optimization of an in‐cell clean‐up sorbent was necessary to remove fatty interferents of the PLE extract that make the subsequent ionic liquid‐based headspace single‐drop microextraction difficult. Validation parameters, namely LODs and LOQs, ranged from 0.5–1.5 to 2.5–5 ng/g, respectively. Good levels of intra‐ and interday repeatabilities were obtained analyzing sewage sludge samples spiked at 10 ng/g (n = 3, RSDs < 10%). The method applicability was tested with sewage sludge from different wastewater treatment plants. The analysis revealed the presence of all the polycyclic musks studied at concentrations higher than the LOQs, ranging from 6 to 530 ng/g. However, the nitro musk concentrations were below the LOQs or, in the case of musk xylene, was not detected. 相似文献