云南省直过民族区受教育程度的统计分析

本文运用观察法、访谈法、问卷法,对云南省怒江区泸水县直过民族这个特殊群体的受教育现状及学习动机进行了深入调查和研究.结果表明,语言障碍、自然条件恶劣、基础建设不完备,是直过民族经济文化发展滞后的主要原因.最后提出实施＂双轨制＂办学法,以激发人们的求学动力,从而培养适合该地区的人才。     

高校思想政治理论课教学失效表现、成因及对策

当前,高校思想政治理论课教学的实效性还不强,教学的失效现象还比较突出。分析高校思想政治理论课教学失效的表现及成因,探讨增强教学实效性的对策,具有现实意义。     

Additive hazards regression with random effects for clustered failure times

Additive hazards model with random effects is proposed for modelling the correlated failure time data when focus is on comparing the failure times within clusters and on estimating the correlation between failure times from the same cluster, as well as the marginal regression parameters. Our model features that, when marginalized over the random effect variable, it still enjoys the structure of the additive hazards model. We develop the estimating equations for inferring the regression parameters. The proposed estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal under appropriate regularity conditions. Furthermore, the estimator of the baseline hazards function is proposed and its asymptotic properties are also established. We propose a class of diagnostic methods to assess the overall fitting adequacy of the additive hazards model with random effects. We conduct simulation studies to evaluate the finite sample behaviors of the proposed estimators in various scenarios. Analysis of the Diabetic Retinopathy Study is provided as an illustration for the proposed method.     

Parametric inference for multiple repairable systems under dependent competing risks

The focus of this article is on the analysis of repairable systems that are subject to multiple sources of recurrence. The event of interest at the system level is assumed to be caused by the earliest occurrence of a source, thereby conforming to a series system competing risks framework. Parametric inference is carried out under the power law process model that has found significant attention in industrial applications. Dependence among the cause‐specific recurrent processes is induced via a shared frailty structure. The theoretical inference results are implemented to a warranty database for a fleet of automobiles, for which the warranty repair is triggered by the failure of one of many components. Extensive finite‐sample simulation is carried out to supplement the asymptotic findings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of 12 potential nephrotoxicity biomarkers in rat serum and urine by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and its application to renal failure induced by Semen Strychni

In previous nephrotoxicity metabonomic studies, several potential biomarkers were found and evaluated. To investigate the relationship between the nephrotoxicity biomarkers and the therapeutic role of Radix Glycyrrhizae extract on Semen Strychni‐induced renal failure, 12 typical biomarkers are selected and a simple LC–MS method has been developed and validated. Citric acid, guanidinosuccinic acid, taurine, guanidinoacetic acid, uric acid, creatinine, hippuric acid, xanthurenic acid, kynurenic acid, 3‐indoxyl sulfate, indole‐3‐acetic acid, and phenaceturic acid were separated by a Phenomenex Luna C₁₈ column and a methanol/water (5 mM ammonium acetate) gradient program with a runtime of 20 min. The prepared calibration curves showed good linearity with regression coefficients all above 0.9913. The absolute recoveries of analytes from serum and urine were all more than 70.4%. With the developed method, analytes were successfully determined in serum and urine samples within 52 days. Results showed that guanidinosuccinic acid, guanidinoacetic acid, 3‐indoxyl sulfate, and indole‐3‐acetic acid (only in urine) were more sensitive than the conventional renal function markers in evaluating the therapeutic role of Radix Glycyrrhizae extract on Semen Strychni‐induced renal failure. The method could be further used in predicting and monitoring renal failure cause by other reasons in the following researches.     

饱和大骨料混凝土动态双轴受压力学性能试验研究

分别通过试验研究了饱和与干燥大骨料混凝土试件在动态双轴受压状态下的强度特征.试验采用大型混凝土静、动态三轴液压伺服试验系统,设定了4个数量级的应变率(10-5、10-4、10-3、10-2 s-1)和5种应力比(0∶1、0.25∶1、0.50∶1、0.75∶1、1∶1).根据试验结果,分析了孔隙水对大骨料混凝土动态双轴极限抗压强度的影响,并提出了饱和大骨料混凝土动态受压破坏准则.研究表明,饱和大骨料试件在动态条件下的强度与干燥混凝土试件相比提高明显,而在准静态条件下有所降低.在相同应变率下,与单轴相比,双轴极限抗压强度在应力比为0.50∶1时最大.     

Machine learning as an online diagnostic tool for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are considered a promising power supply system with high efficiency and zero emissions. They typically work within a relatively narrow range of temperature and humidity to achieve optimal performance; however, this makes the system difficult to control, leading to faults and accelerated degradation. Two main approaches can be used for diagnosis, limited data input which provides an unintrusive, rapid but limited analysis, or advanced characterisation that provides a more accurate diagnosis but often requires invasive or slow measurements. To provide an accurate diagnosis with rapid data acquisition, machine learning methods have shown great potential. However, there is a broad approach to the diagnostic algorithms and signals used in the field. This article provides a critical view of the current approaches and suggests recommendations for future methodologies of machine learning in fuel cell diagnostic applications.     

Heart Failure and PAHs,OHPAHs, and Trace Elements Levels in Human Serum: Results from a Preliminary Pilot Study in Greek Population and the Possible Impact of Air Pollution

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been associated with environmental pollutants. The scope of this study is to assess any potential relation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their hydroxylated derivatives, and trace elements with heart failure via their direct determination in human serum of Greek citizens residing in different areas. Therefore, we analyzed 131 samples including cases (heart failure patients) and controls (healthy donors), and the respective demographic data were collected. Significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.05) were observed in cases’ serum regarding most of the examined PAHs and their derivatives with phenanthrene, fluorene, and fluoranthene being the most abundant (median of >50 μg L⁻¹). Among the examined trace elements, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb were measured at statistically higher concentrations (p < 0.05) in cases’ samples, with only Cr being significantly higher in controls. The potential impact of environmental factors such as smoking and area of residence has been evaluated. Specific PAHs and trace elements could be possibly related with heart failure development. Atmospheric degradation and smoking habit appeared to have a significant impact on the analytes’ serum concentrations. PCA–logistic regression analysis could possibly reveal common mechanisms among the analytes enhancing the hypothesis that they may pose a significant risk for CVD development.     

齐次Poisson冲击模型中元件寿命递增的条件

证明元件寿命在齐次 Poisson 冲击模型中依期望序、反向失效率序、反向平均剩余寿命序、增凹序、Laplace 变换序等增加的充分条件,是促使元件失效的随机冲击次数也依相应的随机序增加.