碳纳米管的制备及其在电化学中的应用研究进展

介绍了碳纳米管的制备方法,对碳纳米管在电化学中的应用及其催化机理进行了概述,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

CO分子第一、二泛频吸收及灵敏波长计算

采用微扰理论对CO分子振动薛定谔方程进行了理论求解,得到了非谐振子势下的振动波函数及对应的能级能量.由此计算了CO分子基频吸收与第一、第二泛频吸收的相对强度比,以及各吸收带的灵敏吸收波长位置.计算结果与他人的实验结果符合得很好,检验了理论处理的正确性,也为CO气体的泛频吸收检测提供了理论依据.     

GO-SWCNT Buckypapers as an Enhanced Technology for Water Decontamination from Lead

Water decontamination is an important challenge resulting from the incorrect disposal of heavy metal waste into the environment. Among the different available techniques (e.g., filtration, coagulation, precipitation, and ion-exchange), adsorption is considered the cheapest and most effective procedure for the removal of water pollutants. In the last years, several materials have been tested for the removal of heavy metals from water, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and graphene oxide (GO). Nevertheless, their powder consistency, which makes the recovery and reuse after adsorption difficult, is the main drawback for these materials. More recently, SWCNT buckypapers (SWCNT BPs) have been proposed as self-standing porous membranes for filtration and adsorption processes. In this paper, the adsorption capacity and selectivity of Pb²⁺ (both from neat solutions and in the presence of other interferents) by SWCNT BPs were evaluated as a function of the increasing amount of GO used in their preparation (GO-SWCNT buckypapers). The highest adsorption capacity, 479 ± 25 mg g⁻¹, achieved for GO-SWCNT buckypapers with 75 wt.% of graphene oxide confirmed the effective application of such materials for cheap and fast water decontamination from lead.     

Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles for CO2 Adsorption at Standard Temperature and Pressure

(1) Background: Due to human activities, greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere are constantly rising, causing the greenhouse effect. Among GHGs, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is responsible for about two-thirds of the total energy imbalance which is the origin of the increase in the Earth’s temperature. (2) Methods: In this field, we describe the development of periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (PMO NPs) used to capture and store CO₂ present in the atmosphere. Several types of PMO NP (bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTEE) as matrix, co-condensed with trialkoxysilylated aminopyridine (py) and trialkoxysilylated bipyridine (Etbipy and iPrbipy)) were synthesized by means of the sol-gel procedure, then characterized with different techniques (DLS, TEM, FTIR, BET). A systematic evaluation of CO₂ adsorption was carried out at 298 K and 273 K, at low pressure. (3) Results: The best values of CO₂ adsorption were obtained with 6% bipyridine: 1.045 mmol·g⁻¹ at 298 K and 2.26 mmol·g⁻¹ at 273 K. (4) Conclusions: The synthetized BTEE/aminopyridine or bipyridine PMO NPs showed significant results and could be promising for carbon capture and storage (CCS) application.     

室温变形对低碳钢中析出物的影响

以一种低碳微合金钢为对象,通过热模拟实验研究了室温变形对最终组织中析出物的分布、尺寸以及成分等的影响.实验用试样的原始组织为铁素体、珠光体加少量贝氏体,采用一种快速加热短时保温的工艺方法探讨室温变形的作用.研究结果表明:室温变形通过影响试样内部的位错密度,不仅有效增加了析出物的弥散程度,还能够在一定程度上降低析出物的尺寸;从试样的组织形貌来看,采用该工艺,室温变形在维持等轴晶的前提下还有效减小了晶粒尺寸;另外,与未施加室温变形的试样比较发现,室温变形能够在一定程度上促进溶解度较大的微合金元素V的析出.     

CFRP加固高强混凝土柱抗震性能和延性研究

通过试验对9根低周反复荷载作用下碳纤维布加固高强混凝土柱的抗震性能和延性进行了研究.分析了碳纤维布加固高强混凝土柱抗震性能的影响因素和加固效果.用有限元数值模拟方法对抗震柱加固后的力学性能进行了数值模拟.试验和有限元分析结果表明,加固柱的抗震性能和延性得到明显改善.有限元分析结果与试验结果符合较好,为碳纤维布加固高强混凝土的数值分析提供了参考.     

提高纤维编织网与砂浆粘结性能的实用方法

纤维编织网增强混凝土结构(简称TRC)的力学性能与纤维编织网和基体之间的粘结状况密切相关.采用环氧树脂浸渍纤维编织网并在其表面粘砂的方法来提高粘结强度,控制砂浆基体的开裂.通过四点弯曲试验和拉拔试验考察了不同粘砂粒径对TRC粘结性能的影响.试验结果表明,采用环氧树脂浸渍纤维编织网并在其表面粘砂的方法能够提高纤维编织网与基体之间的摩擦力,甚至产生咬合效应.因此可明显提高TRC的弯曲开裂荷载,增加裂缝数量,改善纤维编织网与砂浆之间的粘结性能.其中粘砂粒径为0.15～0.30 mm改善效果最为显著.     

碳纤维的丙烯酸电聚合涂层及其复合材料的界面

丙烯酸10%水溶液,于25℃下,经电引发后在碳纤维表面发生聚合反应。采用FT-IR、~(13)C-NMR、XPS、SME和元素分析等方法对所发生的电聚合反应和成为涂层的高聚物进行了表征和鉴定。结果表明:涂层/碳纤维界面粘合层中存在物理吸附和化学键合或端聚物。而涂层/基体界面层是化学键合。     

甲醇氧化羰基合成碳酸二甲酯原位红外研究

采用原位红外技术对甲醇氧化羰基合成碳酸二甲酯反应机理进行了系统的研究，原位红外实验结果表明，氧气在负载的Cu基催化剂上发生解离吸附，CO在催化剂表面的吸附为弱吸附，氧气与CO在催化剂表面发生共吸附，甲醇在催化剂表面吸附后产生甲氧基，压力提高有助于甲氧基的生成，吸附态的甲氧基诱导弱吸附的CO进行插入反应是生成碳酸二甲酯的途径，同时，原位红外技术研究结果表明，在碳酸二甲酯合成过程中，存在甲氧基与离解的氧进一步作用生成副产物CO2和H2O的可能，因此，应控制应料中O2的浓度为适宜值。     

ZnO-CMK复合物的合成及在锂电池中的应用

文章利用介孔碳(mesoporous carbon,CMK)作为反应载体,通过低温水热法合成ZnO-CMK复合物,并利用XRD和透射电子显微镜对材料进行了结构和形貌的表征。通过电化学实验可知,ZnO-CMK复合物作为锂离子电池负极材料具有较高的容量,循环稳定值达到410mA·h/g,库伦效率高达95%以上。与商业ZnO电极材料相比,其充放电性能和循环稳定性得到了较大的提高。结果表明,经过介孔碳复合改性后的ZnO-CMK复合物可以作为一种有效的锂离子电池负极材料加以研究和应用。