全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19530篇 |
免费 | 2542篇 |
国内免费 | 3063篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 13850篇 |
晶体学 | 189篇 |
力学 | 390篇 |
综合类 | 108篇 |
数学 | 642篇 |
物理学 | 2991篇 |
综合类 | 6965篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 87篇 |
2023年 | 309篇 |
2022年 | 806篇 |
2021年 | 706篇 |
2020年 | 919篇 |
2019年 | 702篇 |
2018年 | 656篇 |
2017年 | 753篇 |
2016年 | 945篇 |
2015年 | 1027篇 |
2014年 | 1152篇 |
2013年 | 1705篇 |
2012年 | 1373篇 |
2011年 | 1392篇 |
2010年 | 1110篇 |
2009年 | 1146篇 |
2008年 | 1090篇 |
2007年 | 1195篇 |
2006年 | 1048篇 |
2005年 | 1017篇 |
2004年 | 958篇 |
2003年 | 817篇 |
2002年 | 655篇 |
2001年 | 509篇 |
2000年 | 467篇 |
1999年 | 391篇 |
1998年 | 347篇 |
1997年 | 308篇 |
1996年 | 252篇 |
1995年 | 217篇 |
1994年 | 217篇 |
1993年 | 184篇 |
1992年 | 114篇 |
1991年 | 116篇 |
1990年 | 97篇 |
1989年 | 80篇 |
1988年 | 73篇 |
1987年 | 52篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1955年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Chemical versus Electrochemical Synthesis of Carbon Nano‐onion/Polypyrrole Composites for Supercapacitor Electrodes 下载免费PDF全文
Olena Mykhailiv Monika Imierska Martyna Petelczyc Prof. Dr. Luis Echegoyen Dr. Marta E. Plonska‐Brzezinska 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(15):5783-5793
The development of high‐surface‐area carbon electrodes with a defined pore size distribution and the incorporation of pseudo‐active materials to optimize the overall capacitance and conductivity without destroying the stability are at present important research areas. Composite electrodes of carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) and polypyrrole (Ppy) were fabricated to improve the specific capacitance of a supercapacitor. The carbon nanostructures were uniformly coated with Ppy by chemical polymerization or by electrochemical potentiostatic deposition to form homogenous composites or bilayers. The materials were characterized by transmission‐ and scanning electron microscopy, differential thermogravimetric analyses, FTIR spectroscopy, piezoelectric microgravimetry, and cyclic voltammetry. The composites show higher mechanical and electrochemical stabilities, with high specific capacitances of up to about 800 F g?1 for the CNOs/SDS/Ppy composites (chemical synthesis) and about 1300 F g?1 for the CNOs/Ppy bilayer (electrochemical deposition). 相似文献
2.
Mechanistic Aspects of a Highly Active Dinuclear Zinc Catalyst for the Co‐polymerization of Epoxides and CO2 下载免费PDF全文
Stefan Kissling Peter T. Altenbuchner Dr. Maximilian W. Lehenmeier Dr. Eberhardt Herdtweck Dr. Peter Deglmann Dr. Uwe B. Seemann Prof. Dr. Bernhard Rieger 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(22):8148-8157
The dinuclear zinc complex reported by us is to date the most active zinc catalyst for the co‐polymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and carbon dioxide. However, co‐polymerization experiments with propylene oxide (PO) and CO2 revealed surprisingly low conversions. Within this work, we focused on clarification of this behavior through experimental results and quantum chemical studies. The combination of both results indicated the formation of an energetically highly stable intermediate in the presence of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide. A similar species in the case of cyclohexene oxide/CO2 co‐polymerization was not stable enough to deactivate the catalyst due to steric repulsion. 相似文献
3.
4.
New Phenomena in Organometallic‐Mediated Radical Polymerization (OMRP) and Perspectives for Control of Less Active Monomers 下载免费PDF全文
Prof. Dr. Rinaldo Poli 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(19):6988-7001
The impact of reversible bond formation between a growing radical chain and a metal complex (organometallic‐mediated radical polymerization (OMRP) equilibrium) to generate an organometallic intermediate/dormant species is analyzed with emphasis on the interplay between this and other one‐electron processes involving the metal complex, which include halogen transfer in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), hydrogen‐atom transfer in catalytic chain transfer (CCT), and catalytic radical termination (CRT). The challenges facing the controlled polymerization of “less active monomers” (LAMs) are outlined and, after reviewing the recent achievements of OMRP in this area, the perspectives of this technique are analyzed. 相似文献
5.
Zinc polyoxometalate on activated carbon: an efficient catalyst for selective oxidation of alcohols with hydrogen peroxide 下载免费PDF全文
[PW11ZnO39]5? was immobilized on activated carbon and characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and elemental analysis techniques. Effective oxidation of various alcohols with hydrogen peroxide was performed in the presence of this catalyst. Easy separation of the catalyst from the reaction mixture, cheapness, high activity and selectivity, stability as well as retained activity in subsequent catalytic cycles make this supported catalyst suitable for small‐scale synthesis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
研究了影响硬线性能的主要工艺参数,这些参数是决定线材最终产品质量的关键,并初步讨论了其影响规律。 相似文献
7.
令Ω1与Ω2与C^n中的两个有界齐性域,假设φ:1Ω→Ω2是一个全纯映射。在本中,我们研究相应的复合算子Cφ:β(Ω2)→β(Ω1)的有界性和紧性,特别地,我们讨论取B^n和U^n的情形。 相似文献
8.
The spin-1 Ising model, which is equivalent to the three-component lattice gas model, is used to study wetting transitions in three-component surfactant systems consisting of an oil, water, and a nonionic surfactant. Phase equilibria, interfacial profiles, and interfacial tensions for three-phase equilibrium are determined in mean field approximation, for a wide range of temperature and interaction parameters. Surfactant interaction parameters are found to strongly influence interfacial tensions, reducing them in some cases to ultralow values. Interfacial tensions are used to determine whether the middle phase, rich in surfactant, wets or does not wet the interface between the oil-rich and water-rich phases. By varying temperature and interaction parameters, a wetting transition is located and found to be of the first order. Comparison is made with recent experimental results on wetting transitions in ternary surfactant systems.This paper is dedicated to J. K. Percus in honor of his 65th birthday. 相似文献
9.
Liyue Liu Yingge Yang Yafei Zhang 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2004,24(3-4):343-348
The electrical conductivity was investigated for multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) dissolved in chloroform and toluene, respectively. The electrical conductivity remarkably increased with increase in the content of MWNTs, which is in accordance with Archie's equation . Furthermore, a hypothesis of the electronic transport process was proposed to explain the difference between the solution and the solid compound. In addition, the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity shows that log σ vs. 1/T exist in a good linear relationship. The activation energy of the electrical conductivity decreased with increase in concentration and an inflexion was observed at 60 °C in MWNT/toluene solution. 相似文献
10.
1 INTRODUCTION Carbon nanotubes have many potential applica- tions due to their unique structures and properties[1~4]. Physicists have been studying their electrical, me- chanical and other properties since their discove- ries[5, 6]. Recently, chemists are interested in carbon nanotubes because their properties can be altered by chemical functionalization[7~14], and these functiona- lized nanotubes can undergo further chemical trea- tment. So the potential application range of such na- … 相似文献