Characterisation of the photocatalyst Pilkington Activ™: a reference film photocatalyst?

Pilkington Glass Activ™ represents a possible suitable successor to P25 TiO₂, especially as a benchmark photocatalyst film for comparing other photocatalyst or PSH self-cleaning films. Activ™ is a glass product with a clear, colourless, effectively invisible, photocatalytic coating of titania that also exhibits PSH. Although not as active as a film of P25 TiO₂, Activ™ vastly superior mechanical stability, very reproducible activity and widespread commercial availability makes it highly attractive as a reference photocatalytic film. The photocatalytic and photo-induced superhydrophilitic (PSH) properties of Activ™ are studied in some detail and the results reported. Thus, the kinetics of stearic acid destruction (a 10⁴ electron process) are zero order over the stearic acid range 4–129 monolayers and exhibit formal quantum efficiencies (FQE) of 0.7×10⁻⁵ and 10.2×10⁻⁵ molecules per photon when irradiated with light of 365±20 and 254 nm, respectively; the latter appears also to be the quantum yield for Activ™ at 254 nm. The kinetics of stearic acid destruction exhibit Langmuir–Hinshelwood-like saturation type kinetics as a function of oxygen partial pressure, with no destruction occurring in the absence of oxygen and the rate of destruction appearing the same in air and oxygen atmospheres. Further kinetic work revealed a Langmuir adsorption type constant for oxygen of 0.45±0.16 kPa⁻¹ and an activation energy of 19±1 kJ mol⁻¹. A study of the PSH properties of Activ™ reveals a high water contact angle (67°) before ultra-bandgap irradiation reduced to 0° after prolonged irradiation. The kinetics of PSH are similar to those reported by others for sol–gel films using a low level of UV light. The kinetics of contact angle recovery in the dark appear monophasic and different to the biphasic kinetics reported recently by others for sol–gel films [J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 1028]. Overall, Activ™ appears a very suitable reference material for semiconductor film photocatalysis.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶 凝胶法以磷钼酸 (MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2 催化剂 .使用ICP、XRD、TG DTA、IR、TPD MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能 .杂多钼酸盐与TiO2 通过O2 -在TiO2 表面发生了键合 .在 6 2 3K下 ,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构 .CO2 在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ )和Lewis碱位Ni-O -Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2 卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ )←O - (CO)← (O--Ni) .丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附 .在 5 6 3K、1MPa和空速 15 0 0h-1的反应条件下 ,丙烯的摩尔转化率为 3.2 % ,产物MAA选择性为 95 % .     

Fabrication and transport properties of multiwall carbon nanotube crossroads

A multiwall carbon nanotube crossroads has been fabricated by a manipulation technique using a glass microcapillary, and the low temperature transport properties investigated. The two-terminal conductance of an individual tube shows Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid behavior G∝T^α at high temperature and dI/dV ∝V ^α at low temperature. However, no evidence of such a power-law behavior is obtained in the four-terminal conductance at the junction, where the conductance shows an almost metallic behavior ‘corrected’ by weak localization. Weak localization would essentially appear in electron states at the junctions of MWNTs.     

"溶液吸附法测定活性炭比表面积"实验的改进

研究了吸附荆的颗粒度、吸附时间、吸附温度、原始溶液浓度对吸附平衡的影响，确定了新的实验条件：粒状活性炭破碎至60．100目；70℃恒温振荡0．5h后，再于室温振荡吸附1．5h；原始溶液的溶质质量分数为2％左右．改进后，提高了实验精密度，缩短了实验时间．     

烟气分析在转炉冶炼过程中的应用研究

介绍转炉烟气分析控制系统,研究转炉烟气和炉气在冶炼过程中的变化规律,并开发烟气定碳模型。结论表明,在转炉冶炼过程中利用烟气成分的变化规律,可进行转炉炉况判断、终点判断和了解炉内反应过程。开发的烟气定碳模型对于含碳量低于0.12%的炉次,其控制精度为±0.02%,命中率为90%。     

Covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by lipase

Lipase from Candida rugosa was covalently anchored onto acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) through a self-catalytic mechanism. A variety of characterization techniques including FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS were employed to demonstrate the formation of the ester linkage between lipase and MWNTs. The MWNTs-lipase biocomposites showed significantly increased solubility in some common-used organic solvents, such as THF, DMF and chloroform. This study may offer a novel and facile route for covalent modification of carbon nanotubes, and expand the potential utilization of both lipases and MWNTs in the fields of biocatalyst and biosensor.     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of H_2 O_ 2 at a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with a Nickel (Ⅱ)-5,11,17,23-Tetra-Tert-Butyl-25,27-Bis(Diethylcarbamoylmethoxy)Calix[4] Arene Complex and Its Application

0　IntroductionThegreatimportanceofnickelelectrochemistryinalkalinemedium ,especiallyforpotentialapplication ,hasattractedmuchattetionofresearcherseithertostudythebehaviorofnickel basedelectrodeitselforitsactivitytowardsothermolecules.Manyreportsshowedthatthenickelbasedelectrodeshaveelectro catalyticactivityforreactionsofappliedinterest,suchaselectro chemicaldeterminationofantioxidantsinfood[1 ] ,detectionofni tricoxide (NO )insolution[2 ] ,electrocatalyticoxidationofmethanol[1 ] ,alcohol[3] ,…     

Fundamental reactions in TiO2 nanocrystallite aqueous solutions studied by pulse radiolysis

Reactions of the hydrated electron, H atoms, 2-propanol, and methanol radicals with the TiO₂ nano-particles have been studied either directly or by competition kinetics. The radicals were produced by radiolysis of 2-propanol, t-butanol, or methanol aqueous solutions in acid pH's. The reactions involve electron injection to the conduction band. As expected, the t-butanol radical is inert towards TiO₂ under our conditions, while the other reducing radicals react with TiO₂. The reactivity decreases in the order: e_aq⁻>H>CH₃COHCH₃>CH₂OH. Two TiO₂ nanocrystallite sizes, with average diameters of 1.0 and 4.7 nm were compared. For equal concentrations (in terms of TiO₂ molecules), the rate of electron injection shows relatively little dependency on particle size. The rates of interfacial electron transfer and transfer coefficient are also reported.     

PAN 活性炭纤维表面结构

通过元素分析(EA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、差热分析(DTA)等方法，证明不同比表面积的聚丙烯腈(PAN)活性炭纤维(ACF)具有不同的表面微结构。结果表明，高比表面积的ACF、与低比表面积的ACF相比，类石墨微晶尺寸小，边缘活泼C原子数目多，本体C原子质量分数大，N、H、O等杂原子质量分数小，羧基、酰胺基团的数量少，醚基数量多。     

催化裂解法制备螺旋状碳纳米管的实验研究

在硅片上用直流溅射镀铁的方法制备催化剂 ,通过乙炔在 70 0°C下催化裂解制备碳纳米管 .对热解产物进行了扫描电镜观察和 X射线衍射测试 .本文通过对有氢气预处理和没有氢气预处理两种情况下催化裂解法制备的碳纳米管的形貌、管径大小等性质的研究 ,来初步揭示螺旋状碳纳米管的生长机理 .