细胞分裂素,氯丙嗪对葫芦藓发育过程的影响

用组织培养方法研究了细胞分裂素（６ＢＡ，ＫＴ）及调钙蛋白专一性抑制剂氯丙嗪对葫芦藓芽分化的影响．结果表明，细胞分裂素促进芽的形成，而氯丙嗪抑制受其诱导的芽的形成，芽分化过程中可能有调钙蛋白的参与，但激素处理下的芽大部分不能正常发育为配子体．     

Small Peptide Interacting with Pollen Calmodulinand their Effects on Cellular Functions

Calmodulin(CaM),asmallCa' -bindingproteininalleukaryoticorganisms,regulatesmanydifferentiatedfunctionsincellthroughmodulationofCa2 signalsandinteractionWithsomeimportantenZymes.Althoughtheaminoacidsequencesofcalmlodulinsfromdifferentspeciesarehighlyconserved',therearesomedistinctionsintheirproperties'.UPtonoW,animalCaMshavealwaysbeenusedtostudytheinteractionofthisproteinwithtargetpeptidessoastofindefficientCaMantagonists.Inthisreport,thediscoveryofsynthesizedpeptides'bindingtorapepollenca…     

Silicon nanowires as field-effect transducers for biosensor development: A review

The unique electronic properties and miniaturized dimensions of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are attractive for label-free, real-time and sensitive detection of biomolecules. Sensors based on SiNWs operate as field effect transistors (FETs) and can be fabricated either by top–down or bottom–up approaches. Advances in fabrication methods have allowed for the control of physicochemical and electronic properties of SiNWs, providing opportunity for interfacing of SiNW-FET probes with intracellular environments. The Debye screening length is an important consideration that determines the performance and detection limits of SiNW-FET sensors, especially at physiologically relevant conditions of ionic strength (>100 mM). In this review, we discuss the construction and application of SiNW-FET sensors for detection of ions, nucleic acids and protein markers. Advantages and disadvantages of the top–down and bottom–up approaches for synthesis of SiNWs are discussed. An overview of various methods for surface functionalization of SiNWs for immobilization of selective chemistry is provided in the context of impact on the analytical performance of SiNW-FET sensors. In addition to in vitro examples, an overview of the progress of use of SiNW-FET sensors for ex vivo studies is also presented. This review concludes with a discussion of the future prospects of SiNW-FET sensors.     

Amplification of bifunctional ligands for calmodulin from a dynamic combinatorial library

A well known strategy to prepare high affinity ligands for a biological receptor is to link together low affinity ligands. DCC (dynamic combinatorial chemistry) was used to select bifunctional protein ligands with high affinity relative to the corresponding monofunctional ligands. Thiol to disulfide linkage generated a small dynamic library of bifunctional ligands in the presence of calmodulin, a protein with two independently mobile domains. The binding constant of the bifunctional ligand (disulfide) most amplified by the presence of calmodulin is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of the corresponding monofunctional ligand (thiol).     

Characteristics of light chains of Chara myosin revealed by immunological investigation

Chara myosin is plant myosin responsible for cytoplasmic streaming and moves actin filaments at 60 µm/s, which is the fastest of all myosins examined. The neck of the myosin molecule has usually mechanical and regulatory roles. The neck of Chara myosin is supposed to bind six light chains, but, at present, we have no knowledge about them. We found Ca⁺⁺-calmodulin activated Chara myosin motility and its actin-activated ATPase, and actually bound with the Chara myosin heavy chain, indicating calmodulin might be one of candidates for Chara myosin light chains. Antibody against essential light chain from Physarum myosin, and antibodies against Chara calmodulin and chicken myosin light chain from lens membranes reacted with 20 kDa and 18 kDa polypeptides of Chara myosin preparation, respectively. Correspondingly, column purified Chara myosin had light chains of 20 kDa, and 18 kDa with the molar ratio of 0.7 and 2.5 to the heavy chain, respectively.     

Calmodulin modulation of ion channels and receptors?

：Ion channels and receptors are the structural basis for neural signaling and transmission. Recently, the function of ion channels and receptors has been demonstrated to be modulated by many intracellular and extracellular chemicals and signaling molecules. Increasing evidence indicates that the complexity and plasticity of the function of central nervous system is determined by the modulation of ion channels and receptors. Among various mechanisms, Ca 2+ signaling pathways play important roles in neuronal activity and some pathological changes. Ca 2+ influx through ion channels and receptors can modulate its further influx in a feedback way or modulate other ion channels and receptors. The common feature of the modulation is that Ca 2+ /calmodulin (CaM) is the universal mediator. CaM maintains the coordination among ion channels/receptors and intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis by feedback modulation of ion channels/receptors activity. This review focuses on the modulating processes of ion channels and receptors mediated by CaM, and further elucidates the mechanisms of Ca 2+ signaling.     

动物体液中的胞外钙调素结合蛋白（快报）

利用以生物素标记钙调素为探针的凝胶覆盖技术检测动物体液中胞外钙调素结合蛋白（ＣａＭＢＰ）。结果，人的唾液中检测到至少３种分子量分别为１４ｋＤ，２４ｋＤ和５２ｋＤ的ＣａＭＢＰｓ。其中，５２ｋＤ蛋白与ＣａＭ的结合依赖于Ｃａ２＋的存在，而２４ｋＤ和１４ｋＤ蛋白则不依赖于Ｃａ２＋。在鸡血清里，检测到以９４ｋＤ，４４／４５ｋＤ蛋白为主的４～５种胞外ＣａＭＢＰｓ，所有的这些蛋白与ＣａＭ的结合都依赖于Ｃａ２－。此外，在牛奶中也检出胞外ＣａＭＢＰｓ。以上结果，证明了在动物中普遍存在胞外ＣａＭＢＰｓ，为胞外钙调素的作用机理提供了新线索。     

钙调蛋白构象变化路径

根据已发现的钙调蛋白(CaM)打开和闭合两种不同的构象,研究了拮抗剂对构象变化的影响以及CaM全局构象变化路径.首先,进行了含拮抗剂和不含拮抗剂的两种常规分子动力学模拟,结果表明:CaM在独立存在时具有从闭合状态开启的趋势,它的构象动态变化推动了CaM变构功能的实现;拮抗剂具有将CaM的构象变化"锁住"在闭合状态的功能,有利于CaM控制一些激酶和磷酸酶的活性.在此基础上,进一步用靶向分子动力学模拟了CaM从闭合到打开的构象变化过程,得到一条稳定的变化路径和4个可能的过渡态构象.