SiO2/EPDM复合材料微观形态与动态力学性能的关系

利用DMTA方法研究了分散剂、硅烷偶联剂以及二者并用对二氧化硅增强乙丙橡胶复合材料动态力学性能的影响,采用扫描电镜和橡胶加工分析仪测试了填料在橡胶基体中的分散和填料在基体中形成的填料网络结构,利用结合胶测试研究了复合材料中填料橡胶之间的相互作用程度。实验结果表明:按照空白样和采用分散剂、硅烷偶联剂、分散剂+硅烷偶联剂对SiO₂进行表面处理,填料在橡胶基体中的分散程度提高,填料填料的相互作用逐渐弱化,填料网络结构逐渐减弱,橡胶复合材料在低应变下的储能模量逐渐降低,抗滚动阻力性能逐渐提高。同时,结合胶含量逐渐提高,玻璃化转变峰逐渐变宽,复合材料的抗湿滑性能逐步提高分散剂与硅烷偶联剂并用改性二氧化硅对橡胶复合材料性能提高有协同作用。     

浅色橡胶助剂的研究

针对白炭黑的生产工艺复杂,成本较高等问题,以阜新千枚岩为原料,经超细粉碎后成粒径不同的粉体,选择合适的化学改性药剂制度,将改性后的千枚岩作橡胶填料进行试验研究,通过与中槽炭黑、白炭黑相比较,千枚岩的某些性能指标超过白炭黑,接近炭黑,可以部分替代炭黑作橡胶补强填料.千枚岩作为橡胶填料是其新应用领域之一,这一研究成果为资源枯竭的阜新市经济发展提供一个新方向.     

滑动支座摩擦效应对连续梁桥地震响应影响

以1座跨度为(55+4×90+55)m的预应力混凝土变截面连续梁桥为研究对象,采用ANSYS软件建立桥梁动力分析模型.选取3条人工地震波作为地震动输入,基于动力非线性分析方法,考虑摩擦效应,分析盆式橡胶支座连续梁桥非固定墩的地震响应和支座的滞回性能,并与未考虑摩擦效应的地震响应进行比较.结果表明:非固定墩处的盆式橡胶支座在地震作用下形成了规则、饱满的滞回曲线,形状近似为矩形;相对未考虑盆式橡胶支座摩擦效应的模型,考虑支座滑动后,固定墩墩底顺桥向弯矩、剪力分别降低了25.91%、27.41%,固定墩墩顶顺桥向位移和非固定墩墩梁相对位移分别降低了26.15%、25.59%;对于多跨长联连续梁桥,滑动支座数量多且反力大,若不考虑滑动支座的摩擦耗能,桥梁结构地震响应结果偏大,抗震设计偏于保守.     

富氧度和粒子浓度对硅橡胶绝热材料烧蚀行为影响对比

为探究富氧度和粒子浓度对硅橡胶绝热材料烧蚀行为影响机理间的联系,基于自主研发的氧-煤油烧蚀试验系统,对某型硅橡胶基绝热材料进行了烧蚀试验。试验共设计有0%、5%、9%、15%、20%5组富氧度条件,每组均设置4%、6%、8%、10%4类粒子浓度,试验后测算各试样烧蚀率,并绘制了烧蚀率、富氧度和粒子浓度的三维曲面图,同时利用扫描电镜(SEM)对试样进行微观形貌研究。结果表明:在试验参数范围内,当富氧度一定时,随粒子浓度的增加,材料的2类烧蚀率均有所增大;而粒子浓度不变时,材料烧蚀率随富氧度的增加先上升后下降,在9%左右达到极值;粒子浓度直接影响材料表面的机械受力状况;富氧度影响材料中SiO_2的生成速率,在低富氧度条件下,SiO_2的生成析出量无法全面包裹保护纤维,致使烧蚀率略有上升;而在高富氧度条件下,生成的SiO_2附着在纤维丝表面加强了耐冲蚀性能,减缓了粒子破坏;粒子浓度对材料烧蚀行为的影响大于富氧度对材料烧蚀行为的影响,在开展的实验条件下,约是富氧度影响的5倍。     

综合传动装置悬置系统刚度灵敏度分析与振动能量解耦

基于综合传动装置悬置系统6自由度耦合振动模型,利用灵敏度分析方法,计算悬置系统各阶固有振动频率关于各悬置各方向刚度的灵敏度,确定影响某一方向振动的关键橡胶刚度,为改善系统某一方向的振动提供理论依据.以系统各方向振动解耦率作为目标函数,综合考虑传动轴激励、人体承受振动敏感区域及各向振动耦合状况来确定优化约束条件,进行刚度参数最优化,得到的悬置系统各方向最优刚度值可用于改善悬置系统隔振性能.针对某一传动系统振动恶化的情况,采用刚度灵敏度分析与振动能量解耦综合方法,对悬置系统进行设计.最后利用台架振动试验结果验证悬置系统优化设计的有效性.      

Controlled release of acetochlor from poly (butyl methacrylate-diacetone acrylamide) based formulation prepared by nanoemulsion polymerisation method and evaluation of the efficacy

Acetochlor is an important herbicide for gramineous weeds and some small seed broadleaf weeds. Controlled-release formulations of herbicide are highly desirable not only for attaining the most effective utilisation of the weed control, but also for reducing environmental pollution. Acetochlor was incorporated in poly (butyl methacrylate-diacetone acrylamide) based formulation to obtain controlled release properties. The acetochlor nanocapsules were characterised by size distribution, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and factors related to loading efficiency, swelling behaviour of the formulation were investigated. For this controlled-release formulation, the loading efficiency could reach about 50% (w/w). n, the diffusion parameter was indicative of the transport mechanism, and the values for ‘n’ were in the range of 0.28–0.61, which indicated that the release of acetochlor was diffusion-controlled. The time taken for 50% of the active ingredient to be released into water, t₅₀, was also calculated for the comparison of formulations in different conditions. The formulation with higher temperature and more diacetone acrylamide had lower value of t₅₀, which means a quicker release of the active ingredient. This study highlighted some pieces of evidence that improved herbicide incorporation and slower release were linked to potential interactions between the herbicide and the polymer.     

Synthesis,characterization and catalytic activity of peripherally tetra‐substituted Co(II) phthalocyanines for cyclohexene oxidation

New 3,3‐diphenylpropoxyphthalonitrile (5) was obtained from 3,3‐diphenylpropanol (3) and 4‐nitrophthalonitrile (4) with K₂CO₃ in DMF at 50 °C. The novel cobalt(II) phthalocyanine complexes, tetrakis‐[2‐(1,4‐dioxa‐8‐azaspiro[4.5]dec‐8‐yl)ethoxy] phthalocyaninato cobalt(II) (2) and tetrakis‐(3,3‐diphenylpropoxy)phthalocyaninato cobalt(II) (6) were prepared by the reaction of the phthalonitrile derivatives 1 and 5 with CoCl₂ by microwave irradiation in 2‐(dimethylamino)ethanol for at 175 °C, 350 W for 7 and 10 min, respectively. These new cobalt(II)phthalocyanine complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, UV–visible and mass spectroscopy) as well as elemental analysis. Complexes 2 and 6 are employed as catalyst for the oxidation of cyclohexene using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m‐CPBA), aerobic oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as oxidant. It is observed that both complexes can selectively oxidize cyclohexene to give 2‐cyclohexene‐1‐ol as major product, and 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one and cyclohexene oxide as minor products. TBHP was found to be the best oxidant since minimal destruction of the catalyst, higher selectivity and conversion were observed in the products. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Phase-Separation Phenomena of Copolymer Solutions and Fractionation of Copolymers by Chemical Composition

Precipitation temperature-total polymer concentration diagrams for toluene solutions of two styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers different in chemical composition and their mixtures were determined and then triangular phase diagrams of this system were constructed from these diagrams. It is speculated from the triangular phase diagrams and experimentally shown that the copolymer may be effectively fractionated by chemical composition in this system.     

1,3‐Dichloro‐tetra‐n‐butyl‐distannoxane: a new application for catalyzing the direct substitution of 9H‐xanthen‐9‐ol at room temperature

1,3‐Dichloro‐tetra‐n‐butyl‐distannoxane was firstly used to catalyze the direct substitution of 9H‐xanthen‐9‐ol with indoles at room temperature to afford a class of 3‐(9H‐xanthen‐9‐yl)‐1H‐indole derivatives in good to excellent isolating yield. Moreover, other nucleophiles (such as diketone and pyrrole) could also proceed smoothly in this methodology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Novel test method to estimate bound rubber formation of silica-filled solution styrene-butadiene rubber compounds

Bound rubber formation was investigated in detail by applying various extraction temperatures (at room temperature, 90°C, and 180°C) and novel treatment methods (ammonia bubbling and sonication). Bound rubbers could be divided into three major components of core shell, primary layer including tightly primary layer and occluded rubber, and secondary layer including connecting filament. Bound rubber content of the core shell was measured by four successive procedures of extraction at room temperature, ammonia bubbling, extraction at 180°C and sonication. Bound rubber content of the tightly primary layer was measured by three successive procedures of extraction at 90°C, ammonia bubbling and sonication. Bound rubber content of the primary layer was measured by two successive procedures of extraction at 90°C and sonication.