Improvements in Silo Design for Moist and Cohesive Bulk Solids by Using a Silo Centrifuge

The Jenike‐method is state of the art in silo design for trouble‐free flow, even for cohesive bulk solids. However, for some bulk solids, especially very cohesive and moist bulk solids, even the correct application of the Jenike‐method can lead to an over‐design of the silo outlet. If a reliable estimation of the critical outlet dimension is possible the dimension as well as the machinery costs can be reduced. Model testing can help to reduce the over‐design but reasonable test equipment and flexibility are only possible with silo centrifuge testing. Results, regarding the state of stress and the critical outlet dimensions, from experiments using a silo centrifuge with cohesive and moist bulk solids are presented. The influence of creeping effects on silo design is investigated using the silo centrifuge with moist gypsum.     

Thermal monitoring of morphology in triblock terpolymers with crystallizable blocks

The bulk morphology of poly(1,4‐butadiene)–block–polystyrene–block–poly (ethylene oxide) (PB‐b‐PS‐b‐PEO) and polyethylene–block–polystyrene–block–poly (ethylene oxide) (PE‐b‐PS‐b‐PEO) triblock terpolymers is analyzed under a thermal protocol. This allows the investigation of the morphology during the occurrence of thermal transitions, such as crystallization and melting, which is a neat way of studying the competition between microphase separation and crystallization for the morphology formation. Only one of the studied systems presented a morphological transition upon melting of the PEO and the PE blocks, attributed to the crystallization of the PE block in finite interconnected domains. All the other systems presented no morphological transitions during the thermal scan. The results prove that the crystallization only disrupt the microphases generated in the molten state under very specific circumstances for these block copolymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 3197–3206, 2007     

应用Bulk时空流形对宇宙学常数的研究

宇宙学常数的物理学起源问题被视为现代物理中最重大的疑难之一.从额外维的流形出发,给出了宇宙学常数的Bulk时空流形起源的理论.从而得到了不同情况下宇宙学常数的取值和宇宙学常数随时间变化的函数,并且得到了可拟合现代天文观测的宇宙学常数.     

The shuttle dispatch problem with compound Poisson arrivals: Controls at two terminals

We consider the control of an infinite capacity shuttle which transports passengers between two terminals. The passengers arrive at each terminal according to a compound Poisson process and the travel time from one terminal to the other is a random variable following an arbitrary distribution. The following control limit policy is considered: dispatch the shuttle at terminali, at the instant that the total number of passengers waiting at terminali reaches or exceeds a predetermined control limitm _i . The objective of this paper is to obtain the mean waiting time of an arbitrary passenger at each terminal for given control valuesm ₁ andm ₂. We also discuss a search procedure to obtain the optimal control values which minimize the total expected cost per unit time under a linear cost structure.     

Effect of high gamma dose on the PADC properties

The effect of the properties of PADC nuclear track detectors after exposure to high doses of gamma absorbed doses up to 5×10⁵ Gray (50 Mrad) were studied. The gamma source was a 9.03 PBq (244 KCi), Co-60 source. Results indicate that each of the bulk etch rate (V_b), the tracks etch rate (V_t) and the sensitivity (V) of the detectors increases with the high gamma absorbed dose, but there is a drop in these parameters at the low gamma absorbed dose. Signs of surface roughness were observed by increasing the gamma absorbed doses and changes in color observed for doses larger than 2×10⁵ Gray. The temperature of detectors during irradiation time reached 41°C. The fission fragment tracks (from Cf-252 source) disappeared quickly within the etching time (minutes) for total absorbed doses greater than 3×10⁵ Gray due to their high bulk etch rate.     

半导体中的自旋弛豫--从体材料到量子阱、量子线、量子点

本文对半导体中的自旋弛豫过程给出一个简要的回顾,介绍了半导体材料从体材料到量子阱、量子线、量子点不同维数的结构中各种自旋弛豫过程,主要关注了自旋去相位和相干控制。对于不同材料中的各种弛豫机制,关注的重点在于如何能够在实验上以一种可以控制的方式来改变可调参数从而达到控制自旋弛豫过程。这些参数主要有电场、磁场、温度、应变、有效g因子等等。本文的组织上,首先介绍研究前景,第1部分简要介绍了自旋弛豫的四种机制。第2部分按照维数的不同将半导体中自旋弛豫分为3个部分:体材料、量子阱、量子线、量子点,在每一部分中又基本上按照电子、空穴、激子的顺序进行了简要的总结:对于不同的载流子,考虑了自旋弛豫对可调参数的依赖关系。这些结果要么试图解释了已有的实验结果,要么从理论上给出预言从而给实验指明了方向,为室温下可以使用的自旋电子学器件设计提供了依据,为固态量子计算和量子信息处理铺平了道路。最后简单地给出展望。     

气淬法制备高炉渣玻璃微珠的性能

通过实验分别检测了高炉渣珠的堆积密度、粒度分布、化学侵蚀性、筒压强度和表观特性.结果表明,堆积密度随粒径的增加先增加后减小,0.3~1mm粒径范围内渣珠堆积密度最大,并且渣珠粒径主要集中在0.30~1.0mm之间,成珠率较高;渣珠不耐酸,在同一侵蚀溶液中,粒径较大的渣珠的抗侵蚀能力强于粒径较小的渣珠;粒径越小,渣珠筒压强度越大,渣珠承受压力的能力越强;高炉渣珠表面光滑平整,呈圆球状,粒径大小均匀;由于渣珠气淬的冷却速率较快,渣珠非晶相含量较高,当渣珠粒径<0.30mm时,XRD曲线变为馒头峰,基本不再有晶相析出,矿相变为非晶相.     

基于多孔介质模型的储层裂缝孔隙度计算方法

针对裂缝性储层裂缝孔隙度定量计算的难题,提出了一种基于多孔介质模型的储层裂缝孔隙度计算方法。通过定义孔隙纵横比谱函数表征岩石裂缝分布特征及对岩石宏观岩石物理特征的影响,并代入多孔介质模型中,建立含裂缝条件下多孔介质模型。理论正演表明,孔隙纵横比谱分布特征与岩石体积模量变化一一对应,通过建立岩石模量反演函数,利用现场阵列声波测井资料实现孔隙纵横比谱定量反演,进而计算裂缝孔隙度。应用结果表明,计算的裂缝孔隙度能够较好地反映储层裂缝发育情况,与电成像测井计算结果吻合较好,文中方法所计算的裂缝孔隙度符合实际生产情况,为裂缝孔隙度计算提供一种新的途径,扩展了阵列声波测井应用范围。     

Characterization and study of microwave activation effects on the polystyrene tacticity

¹³C Nuclear magnetic resonance proved to be an advantageous tool to determine the stereoregularity of polystyrene polymers. The latter was achieved through the analysis of the signal of the quaternary carbon and that of the carbon-p in the aromatic ring too. Styrene was polymerized through microwaves and conventional heating activation using two different polymerization techniques: emulsion and bulk. Microwave activation was performed in a mono-modal type device under the following experimental conditions: various initiator concentrations, an average irradiation power of 50?W, temperature of 70°C, and using a batch reactor for emulsion and bulk experiments. The results obtained in these experiments were compared with those obtained by conventional heating activation polymerization under the same initiator concentration and temperature conditions. Microwave-activated reactions resulted in shorter reaction times and higher yields. The tacticity of the polymer samples was not significantly altered, which lead to the conclusion that, in this case, the stereoregularity of polystyrene was not influenced by microwave irradiation.     

Mechanical behaviour of the upper layers of a sandy loam soil under shear loading

The mechanical behaviour of the upper layers of a sandy loam soil was studied under standard triaxial compression and direct shear box tests. Variations of soil material properties were investigated at four different initial dry bulk densities of 1410, 1520, 1610 and 1670 kg/m³. Soil deformation and volume change under the triaxial compression loading were also studied at these bulk densities. Results from the two tests showed increases in the soil mechanical properties with the initial dry bulk density. The internal friction angle values measured with the triaxial compression apparatus exceeded those measured with the direct shear box. In contrast, the soil cohesion values measured with the direct shear box exceeded those measured with the triaxial compression apparatus. Under the triaxial compression test, the loose soil samples underwent contraction and volume reduction, whereas the dense samples swelled and failure cracks appeared clearly at various planes. The soil contraction for the former case characterizes the occurrence of soil compaction, whereas the cracks propagation and volume increase in the latter case characterizes the breaking up and loosening of soil during tillage operations. For the loose and moderately compacted states, the engineering Poisson's ratio increased with the axial strain until loading was completed. It also increased at the compacted and very compacted states until reaching given loading stages, after which its value started to decrease. This shifting in the engineering Poisson's ratio during loading may provide another identification of the moment of soil failure occurrence, in addition to that of the maximum shear stress.