发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

为了研究添加不同比例发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡生产性能及其屠宰性能的影响,选用14日龄健康黄羽肉鸡320只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡,Ⅰ组为空白对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别添加3%、6%和9%发酵棉粕,研究不同添加量对肉仔鸡生长前期(14-28日龄)、中期(29-45日龄)、后期(46-65日龄)各阶段生产性能和屠宰性能的影响。结果表明:①较Ⅰ组而言,肉仔鸡生长前期平均日增重Ⅱ组提高2.50%(P>0.05),Ⅲ组极显著提高7.22%(P<0.01),Ⅳ组则极显著下降15.03%(P<0.01);生长前期采食量Ⅱ、Ⅲ组显著提高1.47%和1.73%,Ⅳ组则极显著下降7.66%(P<0.01);前期料重比Ⅱ组下降0.97%(P>0.05),Ⅲ组极显著下降5.34%(P<0.01),Ⅳ组则极显著提高8.74%(P<0.01);肉仔鸡生长中、后期以及全期平均日增重、采食量、料重比Ⅱ、Ⅲ组有所提高,Ⅳ组则下降,但均差异不显著(P>0.05)。②较Ⅰ组而言,半净膛率Ⅱ、Ⅲ组极显著提高2.73%、3.60%(P<0.01);胸肌率Ⅱ、Ⅲ组极显著提高14.83%、16.68%(P<0.01);腿肌率Ⅲ组提高最为明显,为14.17%(P<0.01);屠宰率、全净膛率各试验组均差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见添加6%发酵棉粕组在日增重、采食量、料重比、屠宰率、胸肌率和腿肌率都优于3%、9%发酵棉粕组,以添加6%发酵棉粕为宜。     

不同饲养方式对肉用土鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

研究不同饲养方式对肉用土鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的影响，试验用1800羽1日龄青脚麻鸡随机分为6个处理，每处理3个重复，每重复100只鸡进行90d试验．处理1为笼养（对照组），处理2为放养，处理3先笼养30d再放养60d，处理4先笼养45d再放养45d，处理5先笼养60d再放养30d，处理6先笼养75d再放养15d．结果表明：（1）与对照组（处理1）比，笼养时间长可提高生长速度、成活率，除处理2（全期放养）外，放养时间长可降低饲料成本，提高经济效益．以先笼养30d放养60d的（处理3）经济效益最好．（2）各处理的屠宰率差异不显著（P〉0．05）；笼养时间长可提高全净膛率、半净膛率、腹脂率，放养时间长有利于腿肌率、胸肌率率的增加．     

日粮中添加饲用复合酶饲养肉鸡效果的研究

将1000只1日龄肉用黄鸡随机分为试验组和对照组二组,结果表明,日粮中添加0.1%禽特爱词用复合酶的试验组在肉鸡增重率、饲料报酬、成活率及经济效益明显优于对照组.     

The Biological Activity of Monarda didyma L. Essential Oil and Its Effect as a Diet Supplement in Mice and Broiler Chicken

The use of growth-promoting antibiotics in livestock faces increasing scrutiny and opposition due to concerns about the increased occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Alternative solutions are being sought, and plants of Lamiaceae may provide an alternative to synthetic antibiotics in animal nutrition. In this study, we extracted essential oil from Monarda didyma, a member of the Lamiaceae family. We examined the chemical composition of the essential oil and then evaluated the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of M. didyma essential oil and its main compounds in vitro. We then evaluated the effectiveness of M. didyma essential oil in regard to growth performance, feed efficiency, and mortality in both mice and broilers. Carvacrol (49.03%) was the dominant compound in the essential oil extracts. M. didyma essential oil demonstrated antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (MIC = 87 µg·mL⁻¹), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 47 µg·mL⁻¹), and Clostridium perfringens (MIC = 35 µg·mL⁻¹). Supplementing the diet of mice with essential oil at a concentration of 0.1% significantly increased body weight (+5.4%) and feed efficiency (+18.85%). In broilers, M. didyma essential oil significantly improved body weight gain (2.64%). Our results suggest that adding M. didyma essential oil to the diet of broilers offers a potential substitute for antibiotic growth promoters.     

女贞子、五味子及其与寡糖配伍对肉鸡免疫功能和抗氧化指标的影响

试验研究了中草药女贞子、五味子以及女贞子、五味子与葡萄糖甘露寡糖（MOS）配伍对肉鸡免疫功能及抗氧化指标的影响。选择180只肉雏鸡随机分为6组,空白组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组为每公斤基础饲粮中添加5 mg的黄霉素,中草药试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加女贞子（ω女贞子=0.010）、五味子（ω五味子=0.010）、女贞子（ω女贞子=0.010）＋MOS（ωMOS=0.005）、五味子（ω五味子=0.010）＋MOS（ωMOS=0.005）。试验从1日龄开始,试验期56 d。结果显示：各中草药试验组均显著提高了鸡脾淋巴细胞在ConA诱导下的增殖反应（P〈0.05）;女贞子能提高肉鸡的ND抗体效价（P〈0.05）;女贞子、五味子可提高肉鸡心脏SOD活性（P〈0.05）,以及血清和组织GR活性（P〈0.05）,降低血清和心脏MDA含量（P〈0.05）。上述试验结果表明,中草药添加剂能够提高肉鸡的免疫性能,增强肉鸡抗氧化功能。     

氯化钾对高温条件下肉仔鸡钾、钠代谢的影响

选28日龄艾维菌(AVIAV)肉仔鸡120只,随机分为4组,1组饮自来水(对照组),2、3、4组分别饮添加0.18%、0.26%、0.34%氯化钾(KCl)的水(试验组).舍温控制在34±1℃,试验期四周,测定KCl对高温条件下肉仔鸡钾、钠代谢的影响.结果表明:饮水中添加KCl,肉仔鸡血清K+浓度高于对照组,但差异不显著,血清Na+前两周3、4组显著低于1组,以后趋于一致;K+的排泄量随食入量的增加而增高,Na+的排泄量后三周3、4组高于对照组;K+、Na+存留量各组间无显著差异.     

Pharmacokinetics of pidotimod in broiler chickens by UHPLC–MS/MS after oral and intravenous administration

Pidotimod is widely used in children as an immune promoter but it has not been fully evaluated in animals. The pharmacokinetics of pidotimod and its oral bioavailability have not been described in broiler chickens. We developed a simple and sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS assay for rapid determination of pidotimod levels in chicken blood. Recoveries were nearly 100% and the coefficients of accuracy and precision were minimal. Healthy broiler chickens were given 10 mg/kg pidotimod either orally or intravenously. The oral pidotimod was rapidly absorbed (time to reach maximum concentration, 1.25 h) and rapidly eliminated (the mean residence time was 3.2 h). A noncompartmental analysis of the intravenous route indicated a mean plasma clearance of 2.2 L (h kg)⁻¹ with an estimated mean volume of distribution at steady state of 12.69 L/kg. The bioavailability of pidotimod after oral dosing was 27%.     

肉仔鸡热应激及其缓解措施(综述)

综述了肉仔鸡热应激的生理反应及对肉仔鸡的危害，并着重论述了缓解热应激应采取的措施。     

饲料中添加黄芪药渣对肉鸡生产性能的影响

试验选用120只1日龄（平均体重42克）的健康白羽肉仔鸡,完全随机分为4组（CK,T1,T2,T3）,每组设3个重复,每重复10只鸡（公母混群）,其中CK为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;T1、T2、1r3为处理组,分别饲喂基础日粮＋黄芪药渣,黄芪药渣的添加量分别为3％、4％、5％,进行饲养试验。研究其对内鸡生产性能指标、屠体性能指标、以及代谢率指标的影响,试验结果表明：与对照组（CK）相比,添加量为5％的黄芪药渣组能显著提高肉鸡的日增重,料肉比降低（P〈0．05）;饲粮中粗蛋白质的表现代谢率显著提高（P〈0．05）;而添加3个不同水平的黄芪药渣,其饲粮中粗脂肪的表观代谢率均降低（P〈0．05）。     

Effect of Nano red elemental selenium on GPx activity of broiler chick kidney cells<Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>

A new selenium source, Nano red elemental selenium (Nano-Se) was used to study the effect on the GPx activity of broiler chick kidney cells (BCKC)in vitro, Sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) and seleno-1-methionine (Se-Met) were used as the controls. The results showed that the effects of three kinds of Se forms on the GPx activity of BCKC were accordant (p>0.05) compared with each other at 0.01. 0.05 and 0.10 μmol/L Se concentrations treatments. In the range of 0.00–0.10 μmol/L Se concentrations, the GPx activity increased with elevation of Se concentrations in medium. For the three kinds of Se forms, the GPx activity reached the climax at 0.10 μmol/L Se concentration. At 0.20 and 0.30 μmol/L Se concentrations, the influnces of three kinds of Se forms were not accordant with one another. For Nano-Se, the GPx activity at 0.20 and 0.30 μmoi/L Se concentrations remained the same as that at 0.10 μmol/L Se concentration treatment. For Se-Met, the GPx activity at 0.20 μmol/L Se concentration treatment remained the same with 0.10 μmol/L treatment; the GPx activity at 0.30 μmol/L Se concentration treatment was declined significantly (p<0.05) compared with 0.10 or 0.20 μmol/L treatment. For Na₂SeO₃, the GPx activity falled gradually with Se concentration increasing from 0.10 μmol/L to 0.30 μmol/L, and at 0.30 μmol/L Se concentration treatment, the GPx activity was less than the original of BCKC. The results implicated, on the GPx activity of BCKCin vitro, the ranking of width range of the most suitable Se concentration for nutrition curve of the three Se formes is Nano-Se>Se-Met>Na₂SeO₃. Foundation item: Supported by the Key Item of the Science and Technology Bureau of Zhejiang Province (021122680) Biography: Xu Bao-hua (1966-), male, Associate professor, Ph. D. research direction: nanobiology and animal nutrition.