Assessment of Immune Response and Efficacy of Essential Oils Application on Controlling Necrotic Enteritis Induced by Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chickens

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens is one of the most important enteric diseases in poultry. The antibacterial activity of two different essential oil (EO) blends against C. perfringens was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the immunological response to EO treatment was assessed. In the in vitro study, the antibacterial activity of EO formulas and commonly used antibiotics was evaluated against C. perfringens using disk diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay. In the in vivo study, NE experimental infection was performed on 440 Ross broiler chicks at 19 days of age for 4 continuous days. The chicks were treated with either EOs or amoxicillin at 22 days of age for 5 continuous days. One day after the end of treatment, the birds’ performance was evaluated by calculating the feed conversion ratio. Serum samples from 120 birds were collected to measure the levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17. After that, all birds were slaughtered, and their small intestines were subjected to gross and histopathological evaluation. In addition, bacterial counts in the small intestines were evaluated. In the in vitro study, EOs showed higher antimicrobial activities in comparison with antibiotics against C. perfringens. In the in vivo study, birds treated with EOs showed a significant decrease in bacterial counts, a significant decrease in intestinal lesions, and a significant improvement in performance compared with untreated birds (p < 0.05). Moreover, treating birds with EOs directed the immune system toward an anti-inflammatory pathway. None of the treated birds died due to NE compared with the 10% mortality rate in untreated birds. In conclusion, EOs might be an effective and safe alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of chicken NE.     

常用抗球虫药对人工感染鸡球虫病的药效评价

对秦皇岛市场上常用的8种抗球虫药的药效作了评价。结果表明,地克珠利为中效抗球虫药;马杜拉霉素、盐霉素和拉沙洛菌素为低效抗球虫药;常山酮、球痢灵、克球多和氨丙啉属无效抗球虫药。6种混合艾美耳球虫对地克珠利无抗药性,对马杜拉霉素和盐霉素具有中度抗药性;对拉沙洛菌素、常山酮、球痢灵、克球多和氨丙啉具有完全抗药。     

酸性蛋白酶、微生态制剂和抗生素对肉鸡生长性能的影响研究

选取1日龄健康AA肉鸡1200只,随机分成6组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加抗生素(作为对照组)及不同配比酸性蛋白酶与微生态制剂或抗生素(作为处理组).试验期为42 d,分为前期(1～21 d)和后期(22～42 d)两个阶段.结果表明:与抗生素对照组相比,第4组、第5组、第6组肉鸡体增重得到显著的提高,分别提高了15.6%、24%、16.3%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低了6.60%(P>0.05)、7.61%(P<0.05)、6.60%(P>0.05);各处理组能显著地增加空肠中乳酸菌数量(P<0.05),以添加0.01%酸性蛋白酶+0.005%微生态制剂效果最佳,其他各处理组之间乳酸菌数量差异不显著(P>0.05).     

植酸酶代替磷酸氢钙在肉鸡生产中的应用

用植酸酶代替磷酸氢钙饲养肉鸡,早期(1～35日龄)不能完全满足雏鸡对磷的需要,但中后期可以满足.从整个饲养期来看,饲料中添加植酸酶代替无机磷饲养肉鸡,可以保证肉鸡的正常增重和按期出栏,有利于减轻鸡粪中磷对环境的污染.     

VE和Vc对固始鸡4C血液指标和组织脂质抗氧化的影响

本试验选用1日龄固始鸡4C雏鸡540只,随机分成9组,每组60只.试验预试期为1周,试验期为6周.饲养49 d后,通过测定固始鸡4C商品代肉鸡血液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量,比较不同的VE与VC添加水平对固始鸡4C商品代肉鸡血液指标和脂质抗氧化的影响.结果表明:在饲粮中添加不同浓度的维生素E与维生素C可以显著降低贮存14 d腿肌中丙二醛含量,同时可以显著提高血液中超氧化物歧化酶与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性(P<0.05).本试验结果提示:在固始鸡4C饲粮中添加高浓度的VE和VC在一定程度上具有清除自由基、减少脂质过氧化的协同作用.     

基于云计算的肉鸡安全养殖信息平台构建

以国家“十二五”农村领域科技计划课题为研究背景,针对目前肉鸡养殖中安全意识淡薄,溢用农药、兽药现象以及畜禽产品质量得不到改善等问题,采用基于云计算的架构,使用Java语言开发,从雏鸡与肉鸡生产、屠宰加工、检验检疫、储运、销售和体系管理6个方面建立了相关系统模型.运用了Webservice技术、VMwar技术和统一存储技术对以上6个系统资源进行整合,采用java＋oracle技术开发了肉鸡安全养殖信息化平台.该系统可以有效转变肉鸡养殖生产方式,解决肉鸡养殖过程中存在的安全问题,节约了硬件投入成本,增加了经济效益,为实现肉鸡养殖信息化提供技术支撑.     

糖精锌的合成及肉鸡饲喂生物学效价研究

研究了糖精锌的合成条件和肉鸡饲喂生物学效价,发现用糖精钠与过量10%的氯化锌或硝酸锌能得到较高的产率(≥80%).同时发现:温度对反应产率无明显影响.与无机锌的肉鸡饲喂对比试验表明:欲达较好的饲养效果,用硫酸锌需40×10-6,而用糖精锌只需15×10-6~30×10-6,且其生物利用率高于无机锌源.     

广西平果县林下肉鸡养殖产业的发展现状与对策

在阐述平果县林下肉鸡养殖产业发展现状的基础上，分析平果县林下肉鸡养殖产业发展中存在的主要问题，并就广西平果县如何加快发展林下肉鸡养殖产业提出一些对策和建议。     

Effect of Nano Red Elemental Selenium on GPx Activity of Broiler Chick Kidney Cells in vitro

0　IntroductionSelenium(Se)isanessentialtraceele mentwithaverynarrowmarginbe tweennutrientlevelsofintakeandtoxicity .Anti oxidationisthemostimportanteffectofSe’sbiologicalfunction .Seisanessentialcomponentandactivesiteofcellularglu tathioneperoxidase (GPx) [1 ] .GPxistheoneofmainanti oxidizingenzymes,clearingdeleteriousperoxides,suchasH2 O2 ,fattyacidperoxide,phospholipidhydroperoxide,andsoon[2 4] ,toprotectbiologicalmem braneandbiologicalbigmoleculefromoxida tivedamageintissues[5 \〗.It…     

肉仔鸡腹水症的病理学研究

对石河子大学农学院动科系实验站饲养的２０００羽ＡＡ肉仔鸡发生腹水症进行病理学观察及腹水和器官的细菌培养。结果见心脏水肿、变性、坏死，肝脏淤血、出血、坏死、硬变，肺淤血、水肿等病变特征，细菌培养未见出菌。表明腹水症的发生是由于多种应激因素所致。