RAB5A在乳腺癌中的表达及转移相关性分析

目的 探讨RAB5A在乳腺癌转移中的作用与机制,以期为乳腺癌的基因治疗及研究提供新的靶点。方法 检测不同分化程度的乳腺癌组织标本中RAB5A蛋白的表达情况;应用FAM标记的RAB5A反义寡核苷酸,体外转染高转移度的乳腺癌细胞,观察肿瘤细胞的转移相关指标的变化。结果 乳腺癌组织中大多呈现不同程度RAB5A的表达,差异有显著性意义（P<0.05）,在浸润导管癌中RAB5A的表达程度与其他组织类分型差异有显著性意义（P<0.05）,肿瘤组织不同分化程度染色显示乳腺癌分化程度越低（P<0.05）,在细胞基底膜侵袭和运动实验中RAB5A反义核酸封闭后穿膜细胞数均明显减少。结论 RAB5A是一个可能与乳腺癌发生、转移相关的基因,并且还可能与它们的分化程度有关。RAB5A在人乳腺癌细胞的侵袭及转移特性的形成中具有重要的作用,RAB5A的反义分子能够有效地阻断该基因表达的翻译过程。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接探究三棱-莪术抗乳腺癌的作用机制

运用网络药理学和分子对接探究三棱-莪术药对抗乳腺癌的有效活性成分及分子机制。通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台检索并筛选出三棱、莪术的有效活性成分和对应作用靶点,运用OMIM数据库、GeneCards数据库检索乳腺癌的疾病靶点。运用Cytoscape 3.7.2软件绘制药物-成分-疾病-靶点网络图。利用STRING数据库构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein- protein interaction,PPI)网络,使用Cytoscape中MCODE插件进行分析并筛选出前10个核心靶点。借助DAVID数据库对作用靶点进行基因本体及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)通路富集分析,并绘制成分-靶点-通路网络图。最后通过AutoDock Vina等软件进行分子对接,验证核心成分与核心靶点的相互作用。结果表明,通过筛选得出7种活性成分、73个作用靶点,三棱-莪术与乳腺癌共同靶点43个。核心成分为常春藤皂苷元、β-谷甾醇、芒柄花黄素、豆甾醇、反式软骨酸,PPI网络显示其核心靶点为JUN、CASP3、PTGS2、ESR1、MPK14、PPARG、SIRT1、NOS3、TGFB1、NOS2。KEGG富集分析得到72条通路,根据P值筛选出与乳腺癌相关的前20条,主要涉及PI3K-Akt通路、VEGF通路、p53通路、MAPK通路等。分子对接显示活性成分与核心靶点之间有较好的结合力。研究表明三棱-莪术药对抗乳腺癌具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点,为该药对在临床中的应用提供了理论依据。     

不可触及乳腺肿块B超引导下真空旋切术210例临床分析

目的:研究B超引导下真空旋切术切除不可触及乳腺肿块的临床价值。方法:210例452个不可触及乳腺肿块在B超引导下行真空旋切术。结果:210例患者共计切除452个肿块,最大径4¹7 mm。1例术后发生乳房后间隙血肿,无其他严重并发症。其中良性肿块417个,恶性肿瘤35个,均后续行单纯乳房切除+Ⅰ、Ⅱ平面腋窝淋巴结解剖术。132例良性病例患者于术后317 mm。1例术后发生乳房后间隙血肿,无其他严重并发症。其中良性肿块417个,恶性肿瘤35个,均后续行单纯乳房切除+Ⅰ、Ⅱ平面腋窝淋巴结解剖术。132例良性病例患者于术后3⁶个月随访无残留以及复发;46例良性病例患者失访。结论:B超引导的真空旋切术是一种安全、有效、创伤轻、恢复快的手术方法。在不可触及的乳腺肿块的切除以及乳腺癌的早期诊断方面有巨大的价值。     

Establishment of the milk-borne transmission as a key factor for the peculiar endemicity of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1): the ATL Prevention Program Nagasaki

In late 2010, the nation-wide screening of pregnant women for human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection was implemented in Japan to prevent milk-borne transmission of HTLV-1. In the late 1970s, recognition of the adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cluster in Kyushu, Japan, led to the discovery of the first human retrovirus, HTLV-1. In 1980, we started to investigate mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) for explaining the peculiar endemicity of HTLV-1. Retrospective and prospective epidemiological data revealed the MTCT rate at ～20%. Cell-mediated transmission of HTLV-1 without prenatal infection suggested a possibility of milk-borne transmission. Common marmosets were successfully infected by oral inoculation of HTLV-1 harboring cells. A prefecture-wide intervention study to refrain from breast-feeding by carrier mothers, the ATL Prevention Program Nagasaki, was commenced in July 1987. It revealed a marked reduction of HTLV-1 MTCT by complete bottle-feeding from 20.3% to 2.5%, and a significantly higher risk of short-term breast-feeding (<6 months) than bottle-feeding (7.4% vs. 2.5%, P < 0.001).     

Reduction of breast density following tamoxifen treatment evaluated by 3-D MRI: preliminary study

This study analyzed the change in breast density in women receiving tamoxifen treatment using 3-D MRI. Sixteen women were studied. Each woman received breast MRI before and after tamoxifen. The breast and the fibroglandular tissue were segmented using a computer-assisted algorithm, based on T1-weighted images. The fibroglandular tissue volume (FV) and breast volume (BV) were measured and the ratio was calculated as the percent breast density (%BD). The changes in breast volume (ΔBV), fibroglandular tissue volume (ΔFV) and percent density (Δ%BD) between two MRI studies were analyzed and correlated with treatment duration and baseline breast density. The ΔFV showed a reduction in all 16 women. The Δ%BD showed a mean reduction of 5.8%. The reduction of FV was significantly correlated with baseline FV (P<.001) and treatment duration (P=.03). The percentage change in FV was correlated with duration (P=.049). The reduction in %BD was positively correlated with baseline %BD (P=.02). Women with higher baseline %BD showed more reduction of %BD. Three-dimensional MRI may be useful for the measurement of the small changes of ΔFV and Δ%BD after tamoxifen. These changes can potentially be used to correlate with the future reduction of cancer risk.     

5,4’-二-正辛烷氧基-7-二氟亚甲基异黄酮抑制人乳腺癌细胞生长和诱导凋亡的作用

目的 探讨金雀异黄素（Genistein,Gen）衍生物5,4’-二-正辛烷氧基-7-二氟亚甲基异黄酮（5,4’-Di-n- octoxyl-7-gem-difluoromethylene-genistein,DOdFMG）体外抑制人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7细胞生长和诱导凋亡作用及机制,以寻找具有开发前景的肿瘤治疗新候选药物.方法 体外培养人乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7）细胞,分别应用不同浓度的DOdFMG处理人乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7）细胞,软琼脂克隆形成法测定DOdFMG对体外培养MCF-7细胞的锚定非依赖性增殖及生长作用的影响;PI染色流式细胞计分析（FCM）法检测DOdFMG对MCF-7细胞诱导凋亡影响.western blotting法检测蛋白激酶CK2,NF-KB蛋白表达和活性的变化,初步探讨DOdFMG抗乳腺癌作用的分子机制.结果 DOdFMG对体外培养MCF-7细胞具有抑制增殖及生长作用,呈剂量依赖性.DOdFMG诱导人MCF-7细胞凋亡.Western Blot分析结果显示：DOdFMG 3.0,10.0,30.0 μmol/L处理人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞24 h后,比较于空白对照组,蛋白激酶CK2的表达下调12.50%,41.50%,67.30%,NF-KB的表达下调20.50%,51.47%,71.93%.DOdFMG 30.0 μmol/L分别处理6,12,24 h后,比较于空白对照组,蛋白激酶CK2的表达下调27.73％,44.8％,65.2％,NF-KB的表达下调20.50%,49.83%,69.93%.这表明DOdFMG以时间－剂量依赖方式引起蛋白激酶CK2、NF-KB下调,与先导化合物Gen比较,DOdFMG更为有效（P<0.05）.结论 DOdFMG显著抑制人乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7）细胞增殖及生长;DOdFMG可诱导人乳腺癌细胞系（MCF-7）细胞凋亡;抑制蛋白激酶CK2,下调NF-κB的表达可能是DOdFMG诱导凋亡的分子机制之一.     

Palmatine,a Bioactive Protoberberine Alkaloid Isolated from Berberis cretica,Inhibits the Growth of Human Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells and Acts Synergistically and Additively with Doxorubicin

Palmatine (PLT) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid that belongs to the class of protoberberines and exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological and biological properties, including anti-cancer activity. The aim of our study was to isolate PLT from the roots of Berberis cretica and investigate its cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects in vitro alone and in combination with doxorubicine (DOX) using human ER⁺/HER2⁻ breast cancer cell lines. The alkaloid was purified by column chromatography filled with silica gel NP and Sephadex LH-20 resin developed in the mixture of methanol: water (50:50 v/v) that provided high-purity alkaloid for bioactivity studies. The purity of the alkaloid was confirmed by high resolution mass measurement and MS/MS fragmentation analysis in the HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS-based analysis. It was found that PLT treatment inhibited the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner as demonstrated by MTT and BrdU assays. PLT showed a quite similar growth inhibition on breast cancer cells with IC₅₀ values ranging from 5.126 to 5.805 µg/mL. In contrast, growth of normal human breast epithelial cells was not affected by PLT. The growth inhibitory activity of PLT was related to the induction of apoptosis, as determined by Annexin V/PI staining. Moreover, PLT sensitized breast cancer cells to DOX. Isobolographic analysis revealed synergistic and additive interactions between studied agents. Our studies suggest that PLT can be a potential candidate agent for preventing and treating breast cancer.     

Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of cinobufagin on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and its molecular mechanism

Cinobufagin (CBF) is an active ingredient isolated from Venenum Bufonis extracted and dried from the secretory glands of Bufo gargarizans Cantor. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of CBF on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro. Our results showed that CBF exhibited obvious cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as indicated by CCK-8 assays. Also, Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry assays showed that CBF strongly induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis and G1 phase arrest. In addition, further molecular mechanistic investigation demonstrated that cinobufagin significantly increased Bax expression, decreased Bcl-2 expression level and up-regulated the ratio of the pro-apoptosis/anti-apoptosis protein Bax/Bcl-2, which were demonstrated by RT-qPCR and western blot assays. Taken together, our data confirm that CBF inhibits growth and triggers apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by affecting the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in vitro.     

深圳市母乳中铅水平的调查分析

采用原子吸收法测定了深圳市300例母乳中的铅含量。结果表明,小于100μg/kg有297人,100～317μg/kg有3人;深圳市2月龄母乳喂养的婴儿在铅含量水平上是处于安全喂养水平,但是以私家车作为主要外出工具的受试者乳铅含量水平要高于其它各组,因此需要加强深圳市儿童铅含量水平的长期监测和环境铅污染治理工作。     

The mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) gene is a potential methylation biomarker for malignancy of breast cancer

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase- 1 (MKP-1) belongs to the MAPK cascades which are central to cell proliferation and apoptosis. The carcinogenic role of MKP-1 has been reported in many types of cancer but it has rarely been investigated in breast cancer. The present study was designed to evaluate the MKP-1 mRNA expression and its possible regulation by methylation of MKP-1 promoter in the model of several breast cancer cell lines and tissues as well as controls. Our data demonstrate MKP-1 mRNA expression significantly decreased in five breast cancer cell lines compared to breast controls (P<0.01). Using the methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis, the unmethylated reaction (U) is dominant in both normal cell lines and benign breast tumors (100% vs. 86.2%), whereas the methylated reaction (M) is dominant in both breast cancer cell lines and invasive breast tumors (100% vs. 57.2%). In terms of methylation ratio (M/M+U), methylation level in MKP-1 promoter is significantly higher in the invasive breast tumor tissues (n = 152) than in benign breast tumor tissues (n = 29) (P<0.0001). Assessing the methylation ratio of the promoter of MKP-1 gene to diagnose the breast malignancy (invasive vs. benign), the area under the receiver- operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.809 (95% CI: 0.711-0.906, P<0.001). The best performance for this prediction has a sensitivity of 76.32% and a specificity of 82.76% at the cutoff value of 0.38. Taken together, we firstly demonstrated that the promoter methylation of MKP-1 gene is a potential breast cancer biomarker for breast malignancy.