高效液相色谱法分析牛和猪肌肉组织中残留的安乃近药物的三种代谢物

建立了牛和猪肌肉组织中残留的安乃近药物的3种代谢物 4-甲酰氨基安替比林（FAA）、4-氨基安替比林（AA）和 4-甲基氨基安替比林（MAA）的高效液相色谱测定法。肌肉组织样品均质后采用硫酸钠-亚硫酸钠溶液提取,过滤后经C18固相萃取柱净化,采用Inertsil ODS-3色谱柱分离,甲醇和水梯度洗脱,于265 nm波长下检测,外标法定量FAA,内标法定量AA和MAA（以 4-异丙基氨基安替比林作为内标物）。FAA的检出限为12.5 μg/L,AA的检出限为15.0 μg/L,MAA的检出限为20.0 μg/L;3种代谢物的测定低限均为50 μg/L;在添加水平为50～400 μg/kg范围内,FAA的回收率为81.3%~92.5%,AA的回收率为82.0%~96.0%,MAA的回收率为80.4%~90.6%,相对标准偏差均在7%以内。     

三种抗氧化物质与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

运用荧光光谱(FS)、紫外光谱(UV)和超滤(UF)法, 研究了阿魏酸、毛蕊异黄酮及芒柄花素三种抗氧化小分子物质与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的结合反应. 以Lineweaver-Burk双倒数方程和能量传递原理分别计算了三者与BSA反应的结合常数(K_LB)和结合距离(r)以及由热力学参数的计算判断了三种小分子物质与BSA结合的作用力类型; 以Scatchard方程计算了三种小分子与BSA的结合常数(K_a)和结合位点数(n); 并对阿魏酸与毛蕊异黄酮及芒柄花素的竞争结合反应进行了研究. 实验结果表明: 这三种物质能与BSA结合形成非共价复合物, 导致BSA内源性荧光的静态猝灭; 它们与BSA的结合能力随着极性基团的增多、分子体积的增大而减弱; 静电作用和疏水作用可能是它们与BSA结合的主要作用力; 阿魏酸与芒柄花素或毛蕊异黄酮会产生与BSA的竞争结合效应.     

丹皮酚及其两种同分异构体与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的热力学研究

在298.15 K下利用等温滴定微量热法研究了丹皮酚(2'-羟基-4'-甲氧基苯乙酮, Pae)及其两种同分异构体(2'-羟 基-5'-甲氧基苯乙酮, Hma; 4'-羟基-3'-甲氧基苯乙酮, Ace)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在缓冲溶液(pH≈7.0)中的相互作用. 从药物分子在蛋白质分子上有多种类型相互独立的结合位点的假定出发, 应用Langmuir吸附模型对这三种同分异构体与 BSA 相互作用的量热数据进行了处理. 结果表明, 有两类结合位点存在, 同时计算出了两类结合模式的结合常数、焓变、熵变及吉布斯自由能变等热力学数据. 这两类结合主要以焓驱动为主, 并且在同一类结合位点上, Pae, Hma以及 Ace与BSA结合过程的焓变绝对值依次减小, 这主要是由于客体分子苯环上取代基的相对位置不同而引起热力学数据的差异. 圆二色谱研究表明这三种同分异构体的加入均使BSA的二级结构发生变化, 说明这种生物大分子-药物分子相互作用既包含结合反应也包含小分子诱导BSA分子部分结构改变的过程.     

Multiple modulator-induced syntheses,crystal structures,and luminescent properties on hippuric acid and bovine serum albumin of Ln(III) complexes with 2,2′-oxybis(benzoic acid)

Six new coordination complexes, Ln₂(2,2′-oba)₂(phen)₂(ox)(H₂O)₂ (Ln = Eu 1, Tb 2), Ln₄(2,2′-oba)₆(phen)₂ (Ln = Eu 3, Tb 4), Eu₄(2,2′-oba)₆(phen)₂(H₂O) (5), and K[Eu(2,2′-oba)₂(phen)₂] (6) [2,2′-H₂oba = 2,2′-oxybis(benzoic acid), phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, H₂ox = oxalic acid] were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions with the same compound molar ratios but different modulatory reagents (MRs). Complexes 1–5 have different 1-D chain structures and 6 shows a mononuclear structure. These complexes form diverse 3-D supramolecular networks through hydrogen bonds. The interaction between these complexes and hippuric acid (HA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectral analysis. Interestingly, the hippuric acid could quench the luminescence of these complexes while the fluorescence of BSA could be quenched by these complexes. Results suggested that the complexes may be potential luminescent testing reagents for HA or BSA by significant fluorescence quenching of Ln³⁺ or BSA, respectively, through a static and dynamic quenching process.     

Determination of Aristocularine Enantiomers by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Chiral High-performance Liquid Chromatography

Here is reported a novel analytical approach for the extractive separation and determination of enantiomeric ratios of aristocularine in bovine serum albumin. The results demonstrate suitable analytical performances. The separation was performed by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography with a 5-µm column using a mobile phase of 1:1 n-hexane:ethanol at a flow rate of 0.7?mL?min^?1 with ultraviolet–visible absorption, circular dichroism, and polarimetric detection. The enantiomers were eluted at 13.2 and 15.6?min for (+) and (?)-aristocularine, with a resolution of 1.58 and a separation factor of 1.27. The analytical parameters for the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction were optimized; under these conditions, the extraction recoveries were from 88.6% to 93.9% for a two-step extraction. The precision, reported as the percent relative standard deviation, had values from 2.9% to 3.2% for 0.5?µg?mL^?1 of analyte for five replicate measurements using ultraviolet–visible absorption and circular dichroism detection. The limits of detection were between 0.05 and 0.08?µg?mL^?1 with enrichment ratios up to a value of 12.     

Effect of Penetration Enhancers on Toenail Delivery of Efinaconazole from Hydroalcoholic Preparations

The incorporation of permeation enhancers in topical preparations has been recognized as a simple and valuable approach to improve the penetration of antifungal agents into toenails. In this study, to improve the toenail delivery of efinaconazole (EFN), a triazole derivative for onychomycosis treatment, topical solutions containing different penetration enhancers were designed, and the permeation profiles were evaluated using bovine hoof models. In an in vitro permeation study in a Franz diffusion cell, hydroalcoholic solutions (HSs) containing lipophilic enhancers, particularly prepared with propylene glycol dicaprylocaprate (Labrafac PG), had 41% higher penetration than the HS base. Moreover, the combination of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin with Labrafac PG further facilitated the penetration of EFN across the hoof membrane. In addition, this novel topical solution prepared with both lipophilic and hydrophilic enhancers was physicochemically stable, with no drug degradation under ambient conditions (25 °C, for 10 months). Therefore, this HS system can be a promising tool for enhancing the toenail permeability and therapeutic efficacy of EFN.     

Analysis of toldimfos in porcine muscle and bovine milk using liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

An analytical method was developed for the detection of toldimfos sodium residues in porcine muscle and bovine milk using liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. The drug was extracted from muscle and milk using 10 mm ammonium formate in acetonitrile and then purified using n ‐hexane. The drug was well separated on a Luna C₁₈ column using a mixture of 10 mm ammonium formate in ultrapure water (A) and acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase. Good linearity was achieved over the tested concentration range (0.005–0.03 mg/kg) in matrix‐matched standard calibration. The determination coefficients (R ² ) were 0.9942 and 0.9898 for muscle and milk, respectively. Fortified porcine muscle and bovine milk contained concentrations equivalent to and twice the limit of quantification (0.005 mg/kg) yielded recoveries in the range of 75.58–89.74% and relative standard deviations of ≤8.87%. Samples collected from large markets located in Seoul, Republic of Korea, tested negative for toldimfos sodium residue. In conclusion, ammonium formate in acetonitrile can effectively extract toldimfos sodium from porcine muscle and bovine milk without solid‐phase extraction, which is usually required for cleanup before analysis. This method can be applied for the routine analysis of toldimfos in foods of animal origins.     

Preparative separation of immunoglobulins from bovine colostrum by continuous divergent-flow electrophoresis

Immunoglobulins in bovine colostrum were separated and fractionated from other proteins using the method and instrumentation developed in our laboratory. The proposed separation was based on bidirectional isotachophoresis/moving boundary electrophoresis with electrofocusing of the analytes in a pH gradient from 3.9 to 10.1. The preparative instrumentation included the trapezoidal non-woven fabric that served as separation space with divergent continuous flow. The defatted and casein precipitate-free colostrum supernatant was loaded directly into the instrument without any additional colostrum pre-preparation. Immunoglobulin G was fractionated from other immune proteins such as bovine serum albumin, β-lactoglobulin, and α-lactalbumin, and was continuously collected in separated fractions over 3 h. The fractions were further processed, and isolated immunoglobulin G in the liquid fractions was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by re-focusing in gel isoelectric focusing. Separated immunoglobulin G was detected in seven fractions by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a gradually decreased concentration in the fractions. Re-focusing of the proteins in the fractions by gel isoelectric focusing revealed multiple separated zones of immunoglobulin G with the isoelectric point values covering the range from 5.4 to 7.2. Each fraction contained distinct zones with gradually increased isoelectric point values and decreased concentrations from fraction to fraction.     

芦氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白结合反应的热力学研究

用荧光光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱法研究了在模拟人体生理条件下，芦氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白的结合反应，发现芦氟沙星对牛血清白蛋白有较强的荧光猝灭作用，用Stern-Volmer和Lineweaver-Burk方程处理荧光猝灭数据．得到了反应的结合常数、结合热力学性质和结合位置等参数．     

钴酞菁的微波合成及牛白蛋白测定

以邻苯二腈、硫酸钴为原料,采用微波固相法合成了钴酞菁。将钴酞菁磺化所得的磺酸基钴酞菁溶液与牛白蛋白作用将导致共振瑞利散射显著增强。在460 nm处存在一共振散射强峰,其强度增加与牛白蛋白的浓度呈线性关系,据此建立了一种用共振散射光谱测定牛白蛋白的方法。该方法的线性范围为0.1~6.0 ug/mL,检测限为5.73 ng/mL。