稀土离子（Ⅲ）与牛血清白蛋白作用的紫外光谱

用紫外光谱研究了稀土离子（Ⅲ）与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的作用．14种稀土离子均使BSA～280um特征吸收峰强增加，诱导BSA构象发生改变．紫外差谱结果表明，只有氧原子参加与稀土配位．BSA与稀土配位基团为亲水外壳的氨基酸波基和肽键上的C＝O基团．     

Strong Structural and Electronic Binding of Bovine Serum Albumin to ZnO via Specific Amino Acid Residues and Zinc Atoms

ZnO biointerfaces with serum albumin have attracted noticeable attention due to the increasing interest in developing ZnO-based materials for biomedical applications. ZnO surface morphology and chemistry are expected to play a critical role on the structural, optical, and electronic properties of albumin-ZnO complexes. Yet there are still large gaps in the understanding of these biological interfaces. Herein we comprehensively elucidate the interactions at such interfaces by using atomic force microscopy and nanoshaving experiments to determine roughness, thickness, and adhesion properties of BSA layers adsorbed on the most typical polar and non-polar ZnO single-crystal facets. These experiments are corroborated by force field (FF) and density-functional tight-binding (DFTB) calculations on ZnO-BSA interfaces. We show that BSA adsorbs on all the studied ZnO surfaces while interactions of BSA with ZnO are found to be considerably affected by the atomic surface structure of ZnO. BSA layers on the surface have the highest roughness and thickness, hinting at a specific upright BSA arrangement. BSA layers on surface have the strongest binding, which is well correlated with DFTB simulations showing atomic rearrangement and bonding between specific amino acids (AAs) and ZnO. Besides the structural properties, the ZnO interaction with these AAs also controls the charge transfer and HOMO-LUMO energy positions in the BSA-ZnO complexes. This ZnO facet-specific protein binding and related structural and electronic effects can be useful for improving the design and functionality of ZnO-based materials and devices.     

Analysis of Mepivacaine in Human Serum by Gas Chromatography After Solid-Phase Extraction

A method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) has been developed for analysis of mepivacaine in human serum. A procedure for isolation of mepivacaine and lidocaine (internal standard) from human serum by use of Chromosorb 104 (acrylonitrile–divinylbenzene polymer) as extraction adsorbent is described in detail. Analysis was performed by gas chromatography on an HP-INNOWax (cross-linked PEG) capillary column, with flame ionization detection, after splitless injection. Relative standard deviations ranged between 3.6 and 4.4 for a serum mepivacaine concentration of 0.5 g mL^–1 and between 4.7 and 5.9 for a concentration of 1 g mL^–1. Recoveries were approximately 95%. The method was applied in a stomatological clinic to healthy volunteers to whom anesthesia with mepivacaine was administered.     

Superporous agarose beads as a hydrophobic interaction chromatography support

Superporous agarose beads were used as a support for hydrophobic interaction chromatography. These beads have large connecting flow pores in addition to their normal diffusion pores. The flow pores, which are approximately one fifth of the overall diameter of the superporous agarose beads, were earlier shown to give the beads improved mass transfer properties relative to homogeneous agarose beads (Gustavsson and Larsson, J. Chromatogr. A, 734 (1996) 231–240). Superporous agarose beads and homogeneous agarose beads of the same particle size range (106–180 μm) were derivatized with phenyl groups. The properties of the superporous beads were then compared with the homogeneous beads in the separation of a mixture of three model proteins (ribonuclease A, lysozyme and bovine serum albumin) at various superficial flow velocities from 30 to 600 cm/h. The superporous beads gave satisfactory separation at flow velocities five times higher than was possible for homogeneous beads. The performance of the two types of beads was also compared in the purification of lactate dehydrogenase from a beef heart extract at a superficial flow velocity of 150 cm/h. The superporous beads performed considerably better, leading to twice the purification factor and twice the concentration of the desired product. The results were interpreted using the theoretical treatment given by Carta and Rodrigues (Carta and Rodrigues, Chem. Eng. Sci., 48 (1993) 3927).     

重金属Hg^2＋对NBS修饰前后血清蛋白圆二色谱的影响

为了探明重金属Hg^2＋进入体内，对血清蛋白固有结构和功能的影响，我们用Hg^2＋对NBS修饰前后血清蛋白HSA和BSA进行处理，然后分析血清蛋白的圆二色谱特性，结果表明，近紫外区未修饰的HSA和BSA均具有典型的α螺旋构象；Hg^2＋处理或NBS修饰BSA溶液，均引起α-螺旋含量减少和三级结构构象的改变．Hg^2＋处理HSA，α-螺旋含量略有增加，构象也有变化．而NBS修饰导致α簇结构的严重破坏，蛋白构象无序化程度加深．修饰对BSA、HSA光谱特性的影响不同，可能与这两种蛋白的结构差异有关．     

视黄醇结合蛋白基因的研究发展

视黄醇结合蛋白(Retinol-Binding Proteins，RBP)是一类维生素A的运载蛋白，参与血清和细胞内视黄醇／酸的转运，是疏水小分子结合蛋白家族的成员。RBP主要在肝脏中合成并释放入血液进而进入各种组织，通过与视黄醇、前白蛋白及细胞表面受体相互作用，在维生素A的储存、代谢、转运到周围靶器官中具有重要功能。细胞内视黄醇结合蛋白则主要在细胞内发挥类似作用。本文主要就血清及细胞内视黄醇结合蛋白的基因结构、作用机理、发育性表达、组织定位及染色体定位、对动物繁殖性能和胚胎发育的影响等方面进行综述。     

金属离子与血清白蛋白结合反应研究进展

综述了金属离子与血清白蛋白结合反应的研究进展，简要介绍了研究中常用的紫外－可见光谱法、荧光光谱法以及平衡透析法。根据已发表的研究结果，对某些金属离子与血清白蛋白结合的位点、络合物的空间构型、结合数和稳定常数进行了总结，对金属离子与血清白蛋白之间的强结合位点进行了分类。最后讨论了此类研究中存在的问题和研究方向。     

葡萄离体培养中胚状体发生的研究Ⅰ.胚状体发生的组织细胞学观察

以葡萄（ＶｉｔｉｓｖｉｎｉｆｅｒａＬ．）的花药和花丝为实验材料，观察了葡萄离体培养中胚状体的发生发育过程．结果表明：（１）葡萄的花药和花丝经诱导都可形成胚性和非胚性两类不同的愈伤组织，与外植体来源无关，胚状体经胚性愈伤组织产生．（２）胚状体多起源于胚性愈伤组织表层或表层以下的单个细胞，这些细胞核大，细胞质浓，染色深，在表层者易于脱落而处于单个离散状态，它们的第一次分裂有均等分裂，也有不等分裂，经２细胞、３细胞、多细胞原胚等阶段发育为成熟的胚状体．（３）葡萄胚状体具有与双子叶植物合子胚相似的发育过程     

大豆膳食纤维对成年大鼠腹腔脂肪积累及血脂和血糖水平的影响

运用药理生理学方法，观察了大豆膳食纤维对高血脂成年ＳＤ大鼠的体重增长、腹腔脂肪的积累、血清胆固醇和血糖水平的影响。与对照组比较，在实验的第１４天，高膳食纤维实验组体重增长率为对照组的－２２．７８％，腹腔脂肪重量变化率为－５９．５７％，血清甘油三酯水平变化率为－３０．１１％，血清胆固醇水平变化率为１４．２４％，血糖水平变化率为１０．３９％。结果表明，大豆膳食纤维对控制成年大鼠的体重增长，减少腹腔脂肪的积累，降低高胆固醇和高脂肪摄入后血清甘油三酯和胆固醇含量，以及降低血糖水平具有明显的作用。     

动物血液学的比较研究 Ⅱ．几种脊椎动物的血象、血清蛋白和血液流变学的观察

本文报导了虎纹蛙、黑眶蟾蜍的血象、血清蛋白，中国雨蛙的白细胞分类计数和罗非鱼、家鸽、家兔的血液流变学的研究结果，为比较生理学研究提供基础资料．