The age of synthesis: From cognitive science to converging technologies and hereafter

This paper describes the development of two of the most important scientific disciplines in the last quarter of the 20th century, cognitive science, which emerged in 1975, and nano-bio-info-cogno (NBIC) converging technologies, which emerged in 2000. In this century, we will achieve cross-disciplinary integration, innovation in comprehensive knowledge and comprehensive devel opment in human resources. NBIC converging technologies will greatly expand human cognition and communication, improve human health, enhance social outcomes, strengthen national security and unify science and education. Cognitive science and converging technologies will have major effects on the future human development. I argue that the 21st century represents an age of synthesis, reflected in the continual reintegration between scientific disciplines in recent times. This new age of synthesis will require innovations in thought and methodology that differ from those underlying the age of analysis in the 20th century. I predict that these developments will allow every individual to realize comprehensive development. Accordingly, the education system will be transformed, and a comprehensive human resources system will be created.     

Precise Radiometry: Some Recent Aspects of Fruitful Interaction with Atomic Physics

Modern radiometric analytics demands a complex consideration of nuclear and electron shell processes, if more pretentious aims are envisaged. As an example the small variation of decay rates of radionuclides presents possibilities for information on chemical situations of decaying atoms. In principle this phenomenon is well known since many years, but now the situation is such that, e.g. in ^99mTc internal conversion, a full agreement of the difficult experiments and the respective theory was established. The secondary emission of X-rays as a consequence of high excitation of electron shells in combination with nuclear transitions supplies another example for a methodical progress of radiometry. Investigations on ⁵¹Cr as an electron capture nuclide have shown that chemically induced variations of the K_α to K_β X-ray intensity ratio is at least qualitatively understood.     

The Occurrence of Pesticides in Groundwater—Results of Case-studies

Abstract

A comparative review of pesticide survey endosing 16 waterworks in the FRG tries to increase the understanding about interferences of pesticide utilization and pesticide occurrence in ground- and drinkingwater, which includes characterization of sampling points, subsurface situation, land use and pesticide application. Between 1986 and 1991, 5772 samples were measured and led to 219094 data about the occurrence of various pesticides. 5% of these analyses showed pesticide or metabolite concentrations above the particular detection limits. This result does not vary in large extent considering groups of different characterized sampling points like groundwater dominated or surface water sampling points. As the herbicide atrazine and its metabolite desethylatrazine as well as the herbicide simazine were detected most often in all samples independent whether considering groundwater und surface water samples, this fact confirms the FRG-application ban for atrazine as well as the application restriction for simazine.     

科技成果社会影响力评估的国际经验及启示

 对英国的卓越研究框架（REF）、荷兰的标准评估协议（SEP）和美国的STAR METRICS这3个典型的科技成果社会影响力评估方案进行比较,识别了其评估对象、评估程序和评估目标方面的差异,重点围绕这3个方案的评估内容指标和评估方法进行了深入分析。结合国际经验,认为中国应当将科技成果社会影响力评估置于公立科研机构绩效评价的核心地位;需要在贯彻国家战略导向和体现评估对象、评估目标和区域差异的基础上开发符合中国国情的科技成果社会影响力评估内容和指标体系;要构建大数据评估并使用数据驱动方法进行科技成果的社会影响力评估。     

在校生用餐营养与食品安全状况调查及分析

通过问卷调查法进行营养素摄入量统计,了解上海某大学学生在校用餐营养状况,结合农药残留监控和膳食暴露评估,分析食品中多种化学污染物对用餐者健康的危害程度.结果表明：学生餐中蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪等主要营养素均能达到DRIs规定的要求,但钙与视黄醇当量摄入量较低.食品安全指数结果表明：铅、镉、亚硝酸盐等超过限量,存在一定风险.这表示学生餐中各主要营养素摄入较为均衡,但仍存在部分矿物质元素与维生素摄入量不足以及部分污染物风险性较大等问题,应当采取营养指导、健康教育等方法,进行提高与改进.     

基于刻辞网络关联度的甲骨字考释难度量化方法

为了提高未解读甲骨字考释研究的效率,提出了一种未解读甲骨字考释难度量化方法,可帮助研究者优先选择出难度较低的甲骨字进行针对性研究,避免在考释难度极大的甲骨字上做大量无用功。先把所有甲骨刻辞构建为一个庞大的甲骨刻辞网络;再通过网络节点间的关联关系,计算出未解读甲骨字和已解读甲骨字之间关联关系;计算结果可以作为未解读甲骨字考释难度的量化数据;并通过实验验证了方法的有效性。     

基于低碳经济背景下低碳旅游社区的构建研究——以江苏省丹阳市飞达村为例

以江苏省丹阳市飞达村为例,分析了飞达村构建低碳旅游社区的重大意义、拥有的优势和存在的问题.从低碳旅游理念的推广,低碳旅游环境的营造,低碳旅游方式的推行3个方面重点探讨了如何构建低碳旅游社区,并建立了一个初级的低碳旅游社区评估体系.最后对飞达村构建低碳旅游社区给出了相关建议.     

基于可变模糊集理论的地下工程结构耐久性评估

应用可变模糊集理论,建立了地下工程结构耐久性可变模糊综合评价模型,初步探讨了影响地下结构耐久性的评价指标以及耐久性分级标准,并结合某一地下工程检测结果进行了应用研究.结果表明,采用可变模糊评价模型更具有合理性.     

郑州市城市生态安全评价

应用压力(Pressure)一状态(State)一响应(Response)模型,构建郑州市城市生态安全评价指标体系,采用综合指数法对2003—2009年郑州的生态安全状况进行了评价,对评价的结果作了状态分析与趋势分析,结论表明:2003,2006年为临界安全,2004,2005,2007,2008,2009年较安全,郑州市生态安全状态正向着良性的方向发展.为了更好的了解郑州市城市生态安全状态,将郑州与其他一些城市做了比对,并对郑州城市生态安全未来的发展趋势做了预测.揭示了郑州市生态安全状态变化的原因,提出继续保持和进一步改善郑州生态安全状况的建议.