素质教育在剑桥商务英语教学中的应用

在高等教育中，素质教育已经成为中国教育改革和人才培养的指导思想。只有重视素质教育，使科学教育与素质教育整合，才能培养出高科技与高素质相结合的专门人才服务于社会。剑桥商务英语教学中应用素质教育极大的提高了教学效果。通过应用素质教育，培养学生在掌握商务英语基本概念和词汇的基础上，提高学生解决实际商务问题的能力，引导他们全面地、辩证地思考问题，引导他们把书本知识和社会实践联系起来，重视实际斗争经验。     

Development of the mechanics of underground and special structures in Kazakhstan over the last 40 years

Some results on underground structures obtained by Kazakh mechanicians are reviewed. The review covers a period of the last forty years. Also results on the mechanics of special objects are discussed.Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 40, No. 10, pp. 3–36, October 2004.     

A NEW DESCRIPA NEW DESCRIPTOR OF AMINO ACIDS BASED ON THE THREEDIMENSIONAL VECTOR OF ATOMIC INTERACTION FIELD

QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP (QSAR) IS A VERY IMPORTANT TOPIC FOR MANY SCIENTIFIC FIELDS AND CAN BE TERMED AS QUANTITATIVE SEQUENCE ACTIVITY MODELS(QSAM)[1] WHEN REFERRED TO THE RESEARCH ON RELATION- SHIPS BETWEEN STRUCTURES AND ACTIVITIES OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES, SUCH AS PROTEINS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS. HOW- EVER, IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO ESTABLISH A QSAM MODEL,…     

The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir, China

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribu- tion prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.     

浅谈素质教育与图书馆工作

简述了素质教育的含义,分析了图书馆在素质教育中所处的地位和具备的优势,探讨了图书馆开展素质教育的有效途径。     

A note on the unsteady boundary layers over a flat plate

The unsteady boundary layer over a semi-infinite flat plate was investigated in this paper. The flow involves the unsteady flow over a flat plate with leading edge accretion or ablation. The momentum boundary layer was further analyzed and it was shown that the leading edge ablation had a similar effect to the wall mass injection or upstream wall movement making the fluid blown away from the wall. The thermal boundary layer of the same flow was also studied. Results show that the leading edge accretion or ablation can greatly change the fluid motion and the heat transfer characteristics.     

合作联盟资源集成计划一种新方法

合作联盟里，资源集成计划往往是联盟成员群体谈判博弈的结果。本以两人博弈为例，对联盟的资源集成计划给出一个谈判博弈模型，能够较好地模仿和反映合作联盟资源整合计划的制订过程。     

Closed-form solutions for a rectangular layer with central crack under anti-plane shear stress

We consider the problem of determining the stress distributionin a finite rectangular elastic layer containing a Griffithcrack which is opened by internal shear stress acting alongthe length of the crack. The mode III crack is assumed to belocated in the middle plane of the rectangular layer. The followingtwo problems are considered: (A) the central crack is perpendicularto the two fixed lateral surfaces and parallel to the othertwo stress-free surfaces; (B) all the lateral surfaces of therectangular layer are clamped and the central crack is parallelto the two lateral surfaces. By using Fourier transformations,we reduce the solution of each problem to the solution of dualintegral equations with sine kernels and a weight function whichare solved exactly. Finally, we derive closed-form expressionsfor the stress intensity factor at the tip of the crack andthe numerical values for the stress intensity factor at theedges of the cracks are presented in the form of tables.     

The Development of the Asymptotic Viscous Dissipation Profile in a Vertical Free Convective Boundary Layer Flow in a Porous Medium

The effect of viscous dissipation on the development of the boundary layer flow from a cold vertical surface embedded in a Darcian porous medium is investigated. It is found that the flow evolves gradually from the classical Cheng–Minkowycz form to the recently discovered asymptotic dissipation profile which is a parallel flow.     

Assessment of two‐equation turbulence modelling for high Reynolds number hydrofoil flows

This paper presents an evaluation of the capability of turbulence models available in the commercial CFD code FLUENT 6.0 for their application to hydrofoil turbulent boundary layer separation flow at high Reynolds numbers. Four widely applied two‐equation RANS turbulence models were assessed through comparison with experimental data at Reynolds numbers of 8.284×106 and 1.657×107. They were the standard k–εmodel, the realizable k–εmodel, the standard k–ωmodel and the shear‐stress‐transport (SST) k–ωmodel. It has found that the realizable k–εturbulence model used with enhanced wall functions and near‐wall modelling techniques, consistently provides superior performance in predicting the flow characteristics around the hydrofoil. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.