HL-2M 真空室制造工艺难点分析及优化

根据 HL-2M 真空室结构及运行工况,对 HL-2M 真空室制造过程的工艺难点进行了深入的分析。结 合前期试验段制造经验,优化了真空室制造工艺,细化了真空室产品的制造工艺方案。通过优化后工艺措施的实 施,提高了真空室的制造质量,并为后续磁约束聚变装置真空室的制造积累了大量的经验。     

HL-2M 真空室内壁螺柱焊接工艺研究与实施

针对 HL-2M 真空室内壁螺柱焊接,从焊接螺柱结构设计、焊接工艺研究、焊接工艺试验、焊接质量 评判等方面进行了详细研究,最终确定了包括焊接电流、焊接时间、伸出长度、提升高度、总提升高度等焊接参 数和接地线位置、焊枪手把方向的真空室内壁螺柱焊接工艺方案。通过大量工艺试验,有效地解决了 HL-2M 真 空室内壁(5mm,Inconel625 材质)-大直径(∅12mm,316L 材质)螺柱焊难题,焊缝成型均匀,飞溅和焊瘤少,表面 发黑明显改善,满足真空清洁度要求。焊接稳定性高,良品率高,拉伸试验和疲劳试验也满足设计要求。      

高基质进样-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定职业接触人员血中铊

职业接触人员血中铊浓度可反映其体内暴露的信息。因此,建立血中铊浓度的检测方法具有非常重要的意义。目前,国内血中铊检测没有国家标准方法,国内外文献报道的方法均存在一定缺点。为了获得准确的职业接触人员血中铊浓度,建立了高基质进样（HMI）-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定职业接触人员血中铊含量的方法。通过对等离子体模式和前处理方法进行了选择,0.20 mL血样用0.1% Triton X-100+0.5%硝酸混合溶液处理后,采用在线加入内标的方式对铊含量进行了检测。在最佳的分析条件下,205Tl在0.02～4.00 μg·L-1范围内线性关系良好,Y=0.010 33X+0.000 12,相关系数（R）为0.999 9。最低检出限（detection limit,DL）为0.005 μg·L-1,最低定量限（quantification limit,QL）为0.02 μg·L-1;当取样量为0.20 mL,定容体积为5.00 mL时（血样25倍稀释）,方法检出限（MDL）为0.12 μg·L-1,方法定量下限（MQL）为0.42 μg·L-1,测定范围为0.42～100 μg·L-1。在全血样品中添加水平为2.50,15.0和75.0 μg·L-1时的平均回收率为92.7%～103.8%。每个样品重复测定7次,批内精密度（RSDs of in-batch）为1.71%～2.81%,批间精密度（RSDs of interbatch）为2.84%～4.77%,表明,该方法的准确度及精密度良好。连续监测50个样品（包括标准溶液、质量控制样品和全血样品）,内标元素209Bi的信号变化为+7.7%,表明方法稳定性较好。将建立的新方法用于30份职业接触人员全血的分析检测,其中4份血样的铊含量大于方法检出限,但低于方法定量下限,其余26份血样均低于方法检出限,且30份全血样品中铊含量均在平均背景范围内。结果表明30位职业接触人员铊内暴露水平很低,其工作场所铊对人体基本无潜在的健康影响。该方法简单快速、准确度高、稳定性好,适用于实际样品的大批量检测。     

Converting of the 2D graphene to its 3D by chicken red blood cells as sheets separator for construction supercapacitor electrode

Here, we report on a facile green and scalable method for the fabrication of porous 3D graphene as a well-known carbon-based material used in many energy storage devices. Chicken red blood cells were used as sheets spacer and heteroatom sources in the construction of 3D graphene. First, the red blood cells were separated from the blood and mixed with graphene oxide. Then, the mixture was freeze-dried and carbonized at 700 °C. The resulted 3D graphene containing heteroatoms was used as a supercapacitor electrode modifier on a glassy carbon electrode and tested with various electrochemical techniques. The supercapacitor electrode showed a specific capacitance of 330 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹, maximum power density of 1958 W kg⁻¹, and maximum energy density of 85 Wh kg⁻¹. Furthermore, the supercapacitive performances were tested in a two-electrode symmetrical system which exhibited a specific capacitance of 238 F g⁻¹ for 1 A g⁻¹. It also showed a power density of 2200 W kg⁻¹ and an appreciable energy density of 160 Wh kg⁻¹. The excellent electrochemical behavior of 3D graphene indicates the promising abilities of the composite for other applications such as biosensors, batteries, electrocatalysts, etc.     

基于统计方法的动态光谱差值提取

为实现血液成分无创检测,针对动态光谱(dynamic spectrum, DS)时域单拍提取法存在的不足,提出时域差值提取法,即顺序提取各波长对数光电脉搏波上相距理想差值间隔的两对应采样点的绝对差值构成差值DS,利用统计方法优选若干有效差值DS进行叠加平均获取最终DS输出。对48例志愿者的实验数据分别利用差值提取法和单拍提取法进行DS提取,结果表明：差值提取法提取DS的去噪效果略优于单拍提取法;对单一个体可获取有效DS的平均个数由48个改善为130个,有效DS间均方误差的平均值由0.39改善为0.006,运算速度提升了近20倍。新方法显著提高了DS提取的质量。     

两种血竭的红外光谱对比研究

五叶血竭和草血竭是中药常用药物, 民间许多地方用来活血散瘀。同时,它们对治疗跌打肿痛也有很好的疗效。本文用傅里叶变换红外光谱法对两种血竭进行对比研究。研究表明, 两种血竭的红外光谱较相似, 主要吸收峰的位置基本相同, 说明二者所含物质成分相同。这为两种血竭临床上的应用提供了科学的光谱依据。此外, 两种药材光谱图在局部地方也存在一些差异, 据此可以把二者区分开。     

Blood, Sweat, and Tears. Toward a Rehabilitation of the INADEQUATE Experiment

The double-quantum-filtered carbon–carbon correlation experiment (INADEQUATE) can be accelerated significantly through a reduction in the spin–lattice relaxation times by dissolving oxygen gas in the solution. The effect is enhanced by lowering the temperature and by pressurizing the sample tube with oxygen. This offers a fourfold reduction in the relaxation times of the carbon-13 resonances in the 125-MHz spectrum of methyl salicylate. The addition of perfluorotertiarybutanol (related to the artificial blood substitutes) increases the amount of oxygen that can be dissolved, so that without oxygen pressurization, similar reductions in the relaxation times can be achieved. The nuclear Overhauser enhancements are only slightly reduced by addition of oxygen. Polarization transfer from the directly attached protons (INEPT) further increases the sensitivity if at least one of the two coupled carbon sites is protonated, principally because theprotonspin–lattice relaxation times of oxygenated samples are shortened by the relaxation agent. These modest improvements in sensitivity are in general complementary to existing enhancement schemes.     

The mathematical model of the radial artery blood pressure waveform through monitoring of the age-related changes

Age-related changes in blood vessels affect the pulse wave propagation. These changes may cause an increase in wave reflection which leads to amplification of pulse pressure. The pulse pressure changes are associated with certain vascular diseases. Here we present a mathematical model of blood pressure for different age groups. The model is based on one-dimensional wave propagation theory and assumes that the pressure waveform is a superposition of forward propagating wave and backward waves from many reflection sites. The model is based on experimental data obtained by direct measurement of radial artery blood flow. The model clearly shows age-related changes in blood pressure waveform. The results of mathematical model correlate with the radial pressure waveform data. The model can be used in cases where it is not possible to measure the pressure due to movement of subject. Application of model to the direct blood flow measurements data allows the real-time pressure waveform monitoring. Furthermore, this approach enables monitoring of changes in pressure waveform due to the effects of medications.     

3D numerical study of tumor blood perfusion and oxygen transport during vascular normalization

The changes of blood perfusion and oxygen transport in tumors during tumor vascular normalization are studied with 3-dimensional mathematical modeling and numerical simulation. The models of tumor angiogenesis and vascular-disrupting are used to simulate "un-normalized" and "normalized" vasculatures. A new model combining tumor hemodynamics and oxygen transport is developed. In this model, the intravasculartransvascular-interstitial flow with red blood cell(RBC) delivery is tightly coupled, and the oxygen resource is produced by heterogeneous distribution of hematocrit from the flow simulation. The results show that both tumor blood perfusion and hematocrit in the vessels increase, and the hypoxia microenvironment in the tumor center is greatly improved during vascular normalization. The total oxygen content inside the tumor tissue increases by about 67%, 51%, and 95% for the three approaches of vascular normalization,respectively. The elevation of oxygen concentration in tumors can improve its metabolic environment, and consequently reduce malignancy of tumor cells. It can also enhance radiation and chemotherapeutics to tumors.     

Fluid flow and fluid shear stress in canaliculi induced by external mechanical loading and blood pressure oscillation

The paper studies the problem of fluid flow and fluid shear stress in canaliculi when the osteon is subject to external mechanical loading and blood pressure oscillation. The single osteon is modeled as a saturated poroelastic cylinder. Solid skeleton is regarded as a poroelastic transversely isotropic material. To get near-realistic results, both the interstitial fluid and the solid matrix are regarded as compressible. Blood pressure oscillation in the Haverian canal is considered. Using the poroelasticity theory, an analytical solution of the pore fluid pressure is obtained. Assuming the fluid in canaliculi is incompressible, analytical solutions of fluid flow velocity and fluid shear stress with the Navier-Stokes equations of incompressible fluid are obtained. The effect of various parameters on the fluid flow velocity and fluid shear stress is studied.