Hartree-Fock variational bounds for ground state energy of chargeless fermions with finite magnetic moment in the presence of a hard core potential: A stable ferromagnetic state

We use different determinantal Hartree-Fock (HF) wave functions to calculate true variational upper bounds for the ground state energy of N spin-half fermions in volume V ₀, with mass m, electric charge zero, and magnetic moment μ, interacting through magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. We find that at high densities when the average interparticle distance r ₀ becomes small compared to the magnetic length r _m ≡ 2mμ²/ħ², a ferromagnetic state with spheroidal occupation function n _↑(), involving quadrupolar deformation, gives a lower upper bound compared to the variational energy for the uniform paramagnetic state or for the state with dipolar deformation. This system is unstable towards infinite density collapse, but we show explicitly that a suitable short-range repulsive (hard core) interaction of strength U ₀ and range a can stop this collapse. The existence of a stable equilibrium high density ferromagnetic state with spheroidal occupation function is possible as long as the ratio of coupling constants Γ_cm ≡ (U ₀ a ³/μ²) is not very small compared to 1.      

全球变暖背景下温室效应的光谱能量分布分析

利用一维辐射传递方程及LBLRTM逐线积分模式建立计算模型,对工业革命前与目前大气构成情况下温室效应的能量分布及其光谱吸收机理进行分析,在保持温室气体浓度为当前水平的基础上,研究温室效应能量分布与地表温度之间的相互耦合机理.结果表明:工业革命前地球的温暖环境主要来自于大气温室气体的(100~370)cm^-1、(640~710)cm^-1以及(1370~2000)cm^-1三个强吸收带对于地球长波辐射的吸收,而地球当前的变暖则源自于大气的(370~640)cm^-1和(710~1370)cm^-1两个弱吸收带的作用,其对工业革命以来所额外增加的温室效应贡献分别达到了25%和55%;地表温度升高,温室效应在全波段范围内也会随之增强,但不同谱带处的温室效应贡献以地球平均温度所对应的辐射峰值波数为界线,峰值波数右侧的温室效应贡献将会增加,在其左侧的贡献比例则会减小.     

气相色谱法监测氧化钙催化制备生物柴油的反应进度

建立了一种通过检测氧化钙催化制备生物柴油过程中产生的甘油来监测反应进度的方法. 在反应样品中加入草酸、硫酸溶液, 除掉由催化剂引入的钙离子, 释放与氧化钙结合的甘油, 利用气相色谱方法检测甘油的含量. 讨论了实验中加入草酸、硫酸的目的及对结果的影响. 实验结果表明, 此法可用于氧化钙催化制备生物柴油过程中反应进度监测的研究.     

皮秒脉冲功率技术理论模型及其优化设计

为了产生100~500 ps,200~500 kV,1~10 kA数量级的皮秒放电脉冲,建立了一个皮秒脉冲发生器理论模型,并提出利用增益系数极值法,确定其最大兼容工作点,相对于纳秒脉冲成形线,皮秒脉冲成形线实现了90%,70%,85%的归一化电压增益、能量增益和放电功率增益。为了最大限度地降低皮秒脉冲成形线的载压时间,提高系统的绝缘安全因子,利用华罗庚0.618优算法,设计了电压传输系数。在纳秒脉冲成形线与皮秒脉冲成形线阻抗比值等于1.63条件下,在4倍和6倍皮秒脉冲成形线时间之内,归一化电压增益、能量增益和放电功率增益就可以分别达到94%,72%,89%与99%,53%,97%。     

Structural characterization and X-ray analysis by Williamson–Hall method for Erbium doped Aluminum Nitride nanoparticles,synthesized using inert gas condensation technique

We have synthesized AlN nanoparticles (NPs) doped in-situ with Er (AlN:Er) using inert gas condensation technique. Using x-ray diffraction (XRD) peak broadening analysis with the Williamson–Hall (W–H) Uniform Deformation Model (UDM) the crystallite size of the NPs and the strain in NPs were found to be 80±38 nm and 3.07×10⁻³±0.9×10⁻³ respectively. In comparison, using the Debye–Scherrer's (DS) formula, we have inferred that the crystallite size of the NPs was 23±6 nm and the average strain was 4.3×10⁻³±0.4×10⁻³. The scanning electron microscopy images show that the NPs are spherical and have an average diameter of ∼300 nm. The crystallite size is smaller than the size of the NPs revealing their polycrystalline behavior. In addition, the NPs strain, stress and energy density were also calculated using W–H analysis combined with the Uniform Deformation Stress Model (UDSM) and the Uniform Deformation Energy Density Model (UDEDM). Suggested by the spherical geometry and polycrystalline nature of the AlN NPs, the strain computed from UDM, UDSM and UDEDM were in agreement confirming an isotropic mechanical nature of the particle. Luminescence measurements revealed the temperature dependence of the optical emission of the Er³⁺ ions, confirming the use of AlN:Er NPs for nano-scale temperature sensing.     

The stability of a non-extensive relativistic Fermi system

Based on the statistical theory of non-extensive relativity,and using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,the non-extensive mechanical stability of ultra-relativistic free Fermi gas is investigated.The expressions of the stability conditions under high and low temperatures are given,and the mechanisms of the influences of temperature,ultrarelativistic effect,and non-extensive parameter q on stability are analysed.Our results show that at high temperature and under the condition of q < 1,the stability of a non-extensive system is weaker than that of an extensive system,and the relativistic effect reduces system stability as compared with a non-relativistic system.However,under the condition of q > 1,the stability of the non-extensive system is stronger than that of the extensive system,and the relativistic effect strengthens the system stability as compared with the non-relativistic system.In addition,under the condition of low temperature,the variation of the stability of the non-extensive system with temperature has a turning point.     

Study of a bulk-Micromegas with a resistive anode

The design and performance of a Micromegas with a resistive anode are presented in this paper. A thin resistive sheet with volume resistivity of 10¹² Ω·m cm is glued onto the readout electrode surface and its performance is investigated by using a ⁵⁵Fe X-ray radioactive source in the operation gas of argon and isobutene mixtures (Ar/Iso=95/5). The gas gain at different mesh high voltage, counting rate and working time are given. Energy spectra at different working voltages are measured and the results are discussed. We have oberved that a Micromegas with a resistive anode can be operated at higer gain than a standard Micromegas without sparks.     

HT-7托卡马克slide-away放电充气对等离子体行为的影响

本文研究了slide-away放电条件下的等离子体约束性能;分析了充气对等离子体约束性能以及反常多普勒共振不稳定性的影响.研究了等离子体密度的提升对slide-away放电过程中逃逸电子辐射行为的影响.研究结果发现:slide-away放电充气可以抑制逃逸电子反常多普勒不稳定性,但是使得等离子体约束状态变差,逃逸电子辐射增强.     

多普勒漂移对超音速燃气流光辐射特性计算的影响

分析了超音速射流由于高速相对运动产生多普勒谱线漂移效应对光辐射特性计算的影响。通过采用逐线计算法对不同环境压力、气流温度、气流速度条件下超音速燃气射流在不同的红外光谱区(2.7微米谱带和4.3微米谱带)光辐射谱带积分强度的计算结果比较表明:多普勒漂移效应受环境总压影响最大,压力越大多普勒漂移的影响越小;随着温度升高多普勒漂移效应的影响降低;随着相对速度的增加,多普勒漂移效应的影响多数情况下是增加的。