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51.
Sylvia Pulmannová 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2003,42(5):907-919
Tensor products of quantum logics and effect algebras with some known problems are reviewed. It is noticed that although tensor products of effect algebras having at least one state exist, in the category of complex Hilbert space effect algebras similar problems as with tensor products of projection lattices occur. Nevertheless, if one of the two coupled physical systems is classical, tensor product exists and can be considered as a Boolean power. Some applications of tensor products (in the form of Boolean powers) to quantum measurements are reviewed. 相似文献
52.
An effect of Berry’s phase on the NQR spectrum of the rotating powder sample is described and applied for the determination of the electric field gradient asymmetry. The proposed method involves the analysis of the frequency singularities in the NQR powder patterns of the rotating samples. The Berry’s phases for the eigenstates, associated with an adiabatically changing quadrupole hamiltonian, are calculated for nuclei with a spin I = 3/2 and I = 1 as a function of the asymmetry parameter. 相似文献
53.
S. Azimpour M. Chaichi M. Toomanian 《Journal of Contemporary Mathematical Analysis (Armenian Academy of Sciences)》2007,42(5):270-277
A 4-dimensional Walker metric on a semi Riemanian manifold M, for the canonical metric with c = 0, have been investigated by M. Chaichi, E. García—Río and Y. Matsushita. The paper generalizes these notions to the case of constant c ≠ 0. Specially the form of defining functions of this metric in locally conformally flat 4-dimensional Walker manifolds is found. 相似文献
54.
设H为复的可分无限维Hilbert空间,称有界线性算子T为强不可约的,如果与T可交换的幂等算子只有0和I.王宗尧、蒋春澜、纪有清等人证明了在任何一个套的套代数中都存在大量的强不可约算子,并且找到了它们的酉轨道闭包.本文考虑有限个套的张量积的代数中强不可约算子的存在性问题。证明了:对复平面上任何一个连通完备集σ、总存在一个对角算子N和它的一个范数可以任意小的紧摄动T=X+K,使得T是一个强不可约算子、T在有限个良序套的张量积的代数中,并且σ(T)=σlre(T)=σ(N)=σlre(N)=σ进一步,文章还对具有单点谱的算子和良序套与正交补为良序套的张量积的代数进行了讨论,得到了一些结果. 相似文献
55.
Jilly James Chidambaram Ramalechume Asit Baran Mandal 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(17):2410-2420
The shape, size, aggregation, hydration, and correlation times of water insoluble PEO‐PPO‐PEO triblock copolymer micelles with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) micelles were investigated using transport studies and dynamic light scattering technique. From the conductance of micellar solutions of the polymer in 25 mM SDS and 5 mM NaCl, the hydration of polymer micelles were determined using the principle of obstruction of electrolyte migration by the polymer. The asymmetry of the micellar particles of polymer and polymer‐SDS mixed micellar systems in 5 mM NaCl and their average axial ratios were calculated using intrinsic viscosity and hydration data obeying Simha–Einstein equation. Hydration number and micellar sizes were variable with temperature. The shape of the polymer micelles has been ellipsoidal rather than spherical. The micellar volume, hydrodynamic radius, radius of gyration, diffusional coefficients as well as translational, rotational and effective correlation times have been calculated from the absolute values of the axes. The partial molal volume of polymer micelles has also been determined and its comparison with the molar volume of pure polymer suggested a volume contraction due to immobilization of the water phase by the hydrophilic head groups of the polymer. The thermodynamic activation parameters for viscous flow favor a more ordered water structure around polymer micelles at higher temperatures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2410–2420, 2007 相似文献
56.
Philip T. Keenan 《Numerical Algorithms》1994,7(2):269-293
We describe a new family of discrete spaces suitable for use with mixed methods on certain quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes. The new spaces are natural in the sense of differential geometry, so all the usual mixed method theory, including the hybrid formulation, carries over to these new elements with proofs unchanged. Because transforming general quadrilaterals into squares introduces nonlinearity and because mixed methods involve the divergence operator, the new spaces are more complicated than either the corresponding Raviart-Thomas spaces for rectangles or corresponding finite element spaces for quadrilaterals. The new spaces are also limited to meshes obtained from a rectangular mesh through the application of a single global bilinear transformation. Despite this limitation, the new elements may be useful in certain topologically regular problems, where initially rectangular grids are deformed to match features of the physical region. They also illustrate the difficulties introduced into the theory of mixed methods by nonlinear transformations. 相似文献
57.
Bernard Bialecki 《Numerical Algorithms》1994,8(2):167-184
Cyclic reduction and Fourier analysis-cyclic reduction (FACR) methods are presented for the solution of the linear systems which arise when orthogonal spline collocation with piecewise Hermite bicubics is applied to boundary value problems for certain separable partial differential equations on a rectangle. On anN×N uniform partition, the cyclic reduction and Fourier analysis-cyclic reduction methods requireO(N
2log2
N) andO(N
2log2log2
N) arithmetic operations, respectively. 相似文献
58.
Ke Sha Dongshuang Li Yapeng Li Xiaotian Liu Shuwei Wang Jingqi Guan Jingyuan Wang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(22):5037-5049
Amphiphilic diblock copolymer polycaprolactone‐block‐poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PCL‐b‐PGMA) was synthesized via enzymatic ring‐opening polymerization (eROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Methanol first initiated eROP of ?‐caprolactone (?‐CL) in the presence of biocatalyst Novozyme‐435 under anhydrous conditions. The resulting monohydroxyl‐terminated polycaprolactone (PCL–OH) was subsequently converted to a bromine‐ended macroinitiator (PCL–Br) for ATRP by esterification with α‐bromopropionyl bromide. PCL‐b‐PGMA diblock copolymers were synthesized in a subsequent ATRP of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). A kinetic analysis of ATRP indicated a living/controlled radical process. The macromolecular structures were characterized for PCL–OH, PCL–Br, and the block copolymers by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analyses indicated that the copolymer composition (?‐CL/GMA) had a great influence on the thermal properties. The well‐defined, amphiphilic diblock copolymer PCL‐b‐PGMA self‐assembled into nanoscale micelles in aqueous solutions, as investigated by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5037–5049, 2007 相似文献
59.
Ignacio Villanueva 《Mathematische Nachrichten》2003,250(1):98-103
We clarify and prove in a simpler way a result of Taskinen about symmetric operators on C(Kn), K an uncountable metrizable compact space. To do this we prove that, for any compact space K and any n ∈ ?, the symmetric injective n–tensor product of C(K), , is complemented in C(BC(K)*), a result of independent interest. The techniques we develop allow us to extend the result in several directions. We also show that the hypothesis of metrizability and uncountability cannot be removed. 相似文献
60.
We consider quasi-isometric mappings of domains in multidimensional Euclidean spaces. We establish that a mapping depends continuously in the sense of the topology of Sobolev classes on its metric tensor to within isometry of the space. In the space of metric tensors we take the topology determined by means of almost everywhere convergence. We show that if the metric tensor of a mapping is continuous then the length of the image of a rectifiable curve is determined by the same formula as in the case of mappings with continuous derivatives. (Continuity of the metric tensor of a mapping does not imply continuity of its derivatives.) 相似文献