早期限食可提高肉食鸡生产效益

近年来，欧美许多国家采用一种称作“早期限食法”的饲喂方式饲养肉食鸡．这种饲喂方式． 的好处有如下几点：第一，降低料肉比，减少生产成本。第二，提高瘦肉率，增加效益。第三，骨骼发育良好，减少死亡．     

Effects of multiple blade interaction on the containment of blade fragments during a rotor failure

A finite element analysis is used to study the impact and the containment aspects of rotor blade fragments that are produced during a aircraft jet engine rotor failure. The impact and containment studies are performed on a ring-type containment structure and various fragment types are considered in this study. For each type of fragment, the ring thickness is varied incrementally and the ring response, residual kinetic energy level of the fragments, magnitude of impact forces and the overall containment or failure are determined. First, only a single fragment is considered and the rotor is assumed to contain no other blades. Next, the remaining blades are introduced and the effects of multiple collisions with the other blades on the containment are analyzed. The explicit, nonlinear finite element code Dyna3d is used for the numerical computations in this study and the results are compared with the experimental results performed on a T58 rotor at the spin facility of the Naval Air Propulsion Test Center.     

有扰流柱的复合倾斜式气膜冷却导向叶片换热特性的研究

本文采用试验方法研究复合倾斜式涡轮导向叶片的内换热特性。针对有无扰流柱、有无气膜孔以及三种不同直径的节流孔的模型进行了试验研究，获得了扰流柱、气膜孔以及１８０°弯的节流板孔径的变化对其内换热特性的影响，并得到了一些换热准则方程，从而获得了加强叶片内部换热的方法。     

机电一体化自动转位刀架

在分析自动转位刀架工作原理的基础上,采用先进的元件和技术设计了最新的刀架控制线路,实现了自动转位刀架的机电一体化,为普通车床的微机数控改造提供了方便。     

苍鹰翼尾缘结构的单元仿生叶片降噪机理研究

利用逆向工程方法提取苍鹰尾缘非光滑形态的降噪特征元素,由此建立了仿生叶片结构模型;采用基于Smagorinsky亚格子应力模型的大涡模拟,结合基于Lighthill声类比的FW-H方程,分别对仿生尾缘锯齿叶片和标准叶片的流道模型进行了三维流场及声场的数值计算;通过分析仿生齿形结构对叶尾迹流场的影响,研究了仿生尾缘齿形结构的气流噪声控制机理.结果表明:仿生尾缘锯齿结构叶片的总A计权声压级比标准叶片降低了9.8dB;叶片尾缘锯齿结构可以改变流场噪声峰值的分布规律,从而降低了噪声峰值,且大部分频率范围内的气动噪声均有所降低;仿生尾缘锯齿结构可以改变各截面尾迹涡的脱落位置,从而增大了涡心之间的距离,抑制了脱落涡对尾迹流动的扰动,进而减小了叶片表面的非定常压力脉动和尾迹涡引起的气动噪声.     

透平叶片双工质冷却流量和流向的优化配置

采用SST转捩模型求解了三维定常雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程,对具有多个光滑内冷通道的试验叶片进行了气热耦合的数值计算,同时研究了蒸汽、空气冷却工质的流量大小和流向分配对叶片表面温度分布和冷却效率的影响.结果表明:SST转捩湍流模型能够较好地预测叶栅内的传热特性;增加冷却工质的流量,叶片温度明显降低且表面温度分布更加均匀,当冷却工质流量比从0.018 74提高到0.093 71时最大温差下降了约30 K,叶片表面的平均冷却效率最大可提升17％,叶片达到最大冷却效果的冷却流量比的最佳值为0.074 97;改变叶片的第2、第4通道的冷却工质流向,可以改善叶片中弦区域沿展向的温度梯度,第5通道采用双向进气的配置方案可以很好地降低叶片尾缘区域的温度梯度,从而改善叶片整体温度的分布.     

缝隙引流叶片对低比转速离心泵性能的影响

低比转速离心泵由于叶轮直径大、出口宽度小、流道扩散严重等原因,导致其效率偏低且很难改善.缝隙引流技术可大幅提高低比转速离心泵的性能.为进一步分析缝隙引流技术对不同低比转速离心泵性能的影响,设计3种不同比转速的常规叶轮和缝隙引流叶轮.为便于分析比较,将同一比转速的叶轮在同一蜗壳内进行实验.实验结果表明:缝隙引流技术可有效地提高扭曲叶片叶轮的性能,且对不同低比转速离心泵性能的影响程度和影响区域不同;缝隙引流叶片包角和缝隙越小,对泵性能的改善越有利.     

Experimental Study of Flow Through a Blade Trailing Edge with a Wavy Partition

Abstract

Flow through a blade trailing edge passage has been experimentally investigated in this article. This rectangular passage is divided into two channels by either a straight or a 120° wavy partition. Fluid in the first channel was injected into the second channel via 14 openings (holes) distributed uniformly and in the crests and troughs for the wavy configuration. Particle image velocimetry and a charge coupled device camera were used in experiment, with Reynolds number varying from 1,800 to 6,700. Experimental results show that the wavy configuration produces an oscillation flow in the second channel. The cause for the oscillation may due to the 120° wavy partition causing shear-layer instabilities and the formation of spanwise eddies by the wavy board. Pictures from the charge coupled device camera revealed strong mixing in the trailing edge, and this mixing could enhance heat transfer, which was confirmed in previous research. The amplitude of oscillation depends on Reynolds number and hole positions. It was observed that the injection flow was not symmetric to the openings, and it was skewed to the direction of the first channel main flow. The ratio of flow rate through the outlet and the bleeding holes was from 1:1 to 1:3.     

Prediction of Liner Metal Temperature of an Aeroengine Combustor with Multi-Physics Scale-Resolving CFD

Computational Fluid Dynamics is a fundamental tool to simulate the flow field and the multi-physics nature of the phenomena involved in gas turbine combustors, supporting their design since the very preliminary phases. Standard steady state RANS turbulence models provide a reasonable prediction, despite some well-known limitations in reproducing the turbulent mixing in highly unsteady flows. Their affordable cost is ideal in the preliminary design steps, whereas, in the detailed phase of the design process, turbulence scale-resolving methods (such as LES or similar approaches) can be preferred to significantly improve the accuracy. Despite that, in dealing with multi-physics and multi-scale problems, as for Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) in presence of radiation, transient approaches are not always affordable and appropriate numerical treatments are necessary to properly account for the huge range of characteristics scales in space and time that occur when turbulence is resolved and heat conduction is simulated contextually. The present work describes an innovative methodology to perform CHT simulations accounting for multi-physics and multi-scale problems. Such methodology, named U-THERM3D, is applied for the metal temperature prediction of an annular aeroengine lean burn combustor. The theoretical formulations of the tool are described, together with its numerical implementation in the commercial CFD code ANSYS Fluent. The proposed approach is based on a time de-synchronization of the involved time dependent physics permitting to significantly speed up the calculation with respect to fully coupled strategy, preserving at the same time the effect of unsteady heat transfer on the final time averaged predicted metal temperature. The results of some preliminary assessment tests of its consistency and accuracy are reported before showing its exploitation on the real combustor. The results are compared against steady-state calculations and experimental data obtained by full annular tests at real scale conditions. The work confirms the importance of high-fidelity CFD approaches for the aerothermal prediction of liner metal temperature.     

Computations of turbulent lean premixed combustion using conditional moment closure

Conditional Moment Closure (CMC) is a suitable method for predicting scalars such as carbon monoxide with slow chemical time scales in turbulent combustion. Although this method has been successfully applied to non-premixed combustion, its application to lean premixed combustion is rare. In this study the CMC method is used to compute piloted lean premixed combustion in a distributed combustion regime. The conditional scalar dissipation rate of the conditioning scalar, the progress variable, is closed using an algebraic model and turbulence is modelled using the standard k–? model. The conditional mean reaction rate is closed using a first order CMC closure with the GRI-3.0 chemical mechanism to represent the chemical kinetics of methane oxidation. The PDF of the progress variable is obtained using a presumed shape with the Beta function. The computed results are compared with the experimental measurements and earlier computations using the transported PDF approach. The results show reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements and are consistent with the transported PDF computations. When the compounded effects of shear-turbulence and flame are strong, second order closures may be required for the CMC.