应用统计外推求解近海风机面外叶根部弯矩最大值

根据IEC61400-3要求，为了确立统计外推程序以预测近海风机的长期载荷，选用NREL 5MW单桩式近海风机和浮式近海风机进行研究.在风机时域仿真中，对FAST软件进行编译，将塔筒载荷计算程序嵌入FAST，弥补了现有软件的不足.对于仿真得到的短期载荷，分别应用全局最大值法和分块最大值法拟合Gumbel分布来预测面外叶根部弯矩的最大值，并进行对比.根据对比结果，进一步提出了分块最大值法的最优分块数，并通过最大门槛值法进行验证，从而为近海风机的极限载荷计算提供参考.
     

Reflection error correction of gas turbine blade temperature

Accurate measurement of gas turbine blades’ temperature is one of the greatest challenges encountered in gas turbine temperature measurements. Within an enclosed gas turbine environment with surfaces of varying temperature and low emissivities, a new challenge is introduced into the use of radiation thermometers due to the problem of reflection error. A method for correcting this error has been proposed and demonstrated in this work through computer simulation and experiment. The method assumed that emissivities of all surfaces exchanging thermal radiation are known. Simulations were carried out considering targets with low and high emissivities of 0.3 and 0.8 respectively while experimental measurements were carried out on blades with emissivity of 0.76. Simulated results showed possibility of achieving error less than 1% while experimental result corrected the error to 1.1%. It was thus concluded that the method is appropriate for correcting reflection error commonly encountered in temperature measurement of gas turbine blades.     

基于PERT与CPM的船舶分段建造计划协调与优化

分析了现代精益造船模式下要求的船舶分段建造流程以及国内船厂生产计划的制定方式,利用计划评审技术（PERT）,结合关键路径法（CPM）,自动生成船舶分段产品建造计划,并在工期和成本方面对建造计划进行了协调与优化．基于MS-Project软件,用VBA编制了实用程序,并以大连某船厂建造的某油船为实例进行了计划编排与优化．与生产实际对比表明,该计划方法是可行的,为船舶建造初期制定生产计划提供了一种实用简便的方法．     

基于叶片角变化规律的液力变矩器改型设计法

研究了三维设计环境下液力变矩器叶栅系统改型设计方法,提出以叶片角变化规律为基础对原型叶片进行改型设计.首先,通过初始化图形交换规范(IGES)与三维软件交换叶栅系统的三维信息;然后,利用De Boor算法的开花计算叶片上各点处的叶片角,将反映叶片角沿叶片内外环设计基线变化的曲线拟合成非均匀有理B样条(NURBS),通过调整NURBS曲线的控制点以及各控制点权重值,实现叶片角变化规律的调整;确定了新的叶片角变化规律后,叶片的空间形状即可确定,从而可以生成新的叶栅系统模型;最后,对新生成的叶栅系统进行性能预测,得到满意的结果后即可进入后续详细设计阶段.利用该方法构建了液力变矩器改型平台,使用该平台分别以提高变矩性能和提高效率为目标对某款液力变矩器进行改型研究,结果表明所提出的方法行之有效,有助于提高改型设计的效率.     

凸肩叶片的振动响应

使用弹性薄板理论建立带凸肩三叶片相互耦合的振动微分方程,经模态正交获得相互耦合的叶片振动响应方程,并使用Runge-Kutta法进行数值分析.凸肩叶片的振动响应主要取决于整体的固有频率、激振频率、激振力大小等因素,凸肩使各叶片相互作用,叶片整体的刚度增大.结果表明,叶片的固有频率由于受凸肩的作用而增大,叶片的振动响应呈拍状,包含相邻叶片的影响,凸肩可降低叶片的振动响应.受凸肩的影响,叶片整体的固有频率随着相互作用的叶片数增多而增大,凸肩叶片整体共振时的响应降低,叶片使用的安全性提高.     

激光熔覆硬质合金强化化纤切断刀的研究

在机械压制法预置硬质合金WC/Co粉末的条形55Si2Mn弹簧钢上,用激光熔覆方法制备了化纤切断刀.调整熔覆层粉末配方中Al、TiC的加入量,结果表明加适量的Al粉能有效地抑制气孔,加TiC粉末能提高熔覆硬度.通过优化激光熔覆工艺参数,得到了无气孔缺陷、组织性能良好、硬度达到HV0.21250的激光熔覆层,达到了化纤切断刀的性能要求.     

Pt-BaO催化剂的NOx储存-还原化学及结构-性能关系

NOx储存-还原(NSR)技术是目前稀燃汽车尾气中NOx消除的最有前景的催化技术之一,NSR催化过程中稀燃/富燃条件的交替运行、NSR催化剂上化学计量反应与催化反应的耦合赋予了NSR催化过程迥异于常规连续流动气固相催化反应的特点.本文首先介绍了目前人们对Pt-BaO催化剂上NSR基本化学过程的认识;在此基础上,结合本研...     

基于仿生设计的风力发电机叶片力学性能的实验研究

根据风力机的基本理论和相似理论设计了一个翼型为SG6050,半径为1m的小型风力机叶片。运用结构仿生学原理,对所设计的风力机叶片进行了仿生物中轴铺层设计。通过模态实验与应变实验,比较了传统设计与仿生设计两种不同风力机叶片的力学性能。模态实验结果表明,基于仿生设计的叶片的前六阶固有频率比传统叶片的前六阶固有频率减少约8％;两种叶片的固有频率均满足设计要求;仿生设计的叶片几乎不会改变叶片的动态特性。而应变实验表明,仿生设计的叶片在各种工况下的应变均大于传统的叶片约10％～20％。新设计的叶片具有较好的柔性,有效减小了叶片的应力,提高了叶片的疲劳寿命。     

Enhanced multi‐objective optimization of a dimpled channel through evolutionary algorithms and multiple surrogate methods

Using a multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) and enhanced surrogate approximations, the present study demonstrates the numerical analysis and optimization of staggered‐dimple channels. Two surrogates, the response surface approximation (RSA) model and the Kriging (KRG) model, are applied in light of the surrogate fidelity of the approximate analysis. An enhanced Pareto‐optimal front is obtained by performing local resampling of the Pareto‐optimal front, which provides relatively more accurate Pareto‐optimal solutions in the design space for each surrogate model. Three dimensionless design variables are selected, which are related to geometric parameters, namely, the channel height, dimple print diameter, dimple spacing, and dimple depth. Two objective functions are selected that are related to the heat transfer and pressure loss, respectively. The objective‐function values are numerically evaluated through Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes analysis at the design points that are selected through the Latin hypercube sampling method. Using these numerical simulations two surrogates, viz, the RSA and Kriging models, are constructed for each objective function and a hybrid MOEA is applied to obtain the Pareto‐optimal front. For the particular implementation of surrogate models, it is observed that Pareto‐optimal predictions of the RSA model are better than those of the KRG model, whereas the KRG model predicts equally well at the off‐Pareto‐region (region away from the Pareto‐optimal solutions), which is not the case with the RSA model. The local resampling of the Pareto‐optimal front increases the fidelity of the approximate solutions near the Pareto‐optimal region. The ratios of the channel height to the dimple print diameter and of the dimple print diameter to the dimple pitch are found to be more sensitive along the Pareto‐optimal front than the ratio of the dimple depth to the print diameter. The decrease of the ratio of the channel height to the dimple diameter and the increase of the ratio of the dimple print diameter to the pitch lead to greater heat transfer at the expense of the pressure loss, whereas the ratio of the dimple depth to the print diameter is rather insensitive to Pareto‐optimal solutions. Pareto‐optimal solutions at higher values of the Nusselt number are associated with higher values of the pressure loss due to the increased recirculation, mixing of fluid and vorticity generation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Breakpoint detection of heating wire in wind blade moulds using infrared thermography

In order to manufacture the fibre glass wind blades, one kind of mould embedded with heating wire is used not only for making numerous ‘copies’ of the original sample, and also heating the mould to a certain temperature for curing. The heating wire is embedded in fibre glass as a sandwich structure, and it may break after a long time usage at high temperatures. In this study, a high voltage discharging (HVD) circuit is used to trigger HVD at the breakpoint, which generates heat and therefore causes temperature increase at the corresponding front surface, one infrared camera is used to monitor the temperature evolution. It successfully and quickly detects breakpoints in spar moulds.