陕西镇巴早寒武世的牙形刺形化石

记述了陕西镇巴小洋坝下寒武统筇竹寺阶灯影组西蒿坪段及水井沱组内的一些牙形刺形化石,共计4个属7个种,其中新属及新种各一个,我国首次发现的有2属4种。它们中的许多分子具有地理分布广泛、演化迅速的特点,已成为早寒武世洲际地层对比的重要依据。     

Terrestrial mollusk evidence for the origin and sedimentary environment of the Late Tertiary Red Clay Formation in the Loess Plateau, China

The origin and sedimentary environment of theLate Tertiary (Neogene) Red Clay Formation in northernChina had long been controversial. A new mollusk recordfrom the Xifeng red clay (red-earth) sequence in the centralLoess Plateau provides the biological evidence for addressingquestions of its origin and environmental implication. Thestudy of composition and preservation condition of seventymollusk fossil assemblages reveals the initial ecological con-dition of the red clay formation, avoiding the effect ofpost-deposited alteration. The result shows that all of identi-fiable mollusk species are composed of terrestrial taxa, mostof them are the common species found in the overlying Qua-ternary Ioess-paleosol sequence. Most of fossil individualspreserved in the red clay strata are in living conditions basedon the investigation of fieldwork, indicating the originalpopulation. Thus, the mollusk fossil assemblages can be usedas an indicator of primary environment of the red clay for-mation. The mollusk record from the Xifeng red clay se-quence supports the view that the red clay is an aeolian ori-gin, similar to the overlying Quaternary loess deposits. Ourdata also reveal the history of environmental changes atXifeng from 6.2--2.4 Ma, which is coupled in phase with theformation and development of the Arctic ice sheets and theprocess of the Tibetan Plateau uplift. Both may be the majorcause and forcing mechanisms of the late Tertiaryenvironmental changes in the Loess Plateau.     

Discovery of marine fossils in the upper part of the Permian Linxi Formation in Lopingian, Xingmeng area, China

Two important geological issues have a long history of debate in the Xingmeng area. The first concerns the final closure of the North China plate, Siberia plate and several intermediate massifs in the area, and the other con- cerns the folding and lifting of the Xingmeng Trough. Dis- agreements arise because of issues involving the tectonic- palaeogeographical environment of the Upper Permian deposits of the Linxi Formation. The Linxi Formation （Upper Permian） is generally considered to be either an exclusively continental deposit or separated into marine- terrigenous facies deposited during the Lower to Middle Linxi Period and continental deposits in the Upper Linxi Period. However, in this study, large numbers of bryozoan and sponge spicule fossils were discovered for this first time in the thick limestone layers and lenses of the upper part of the Linxi Formation found in the Guandi section of Linxi county in eastern Inner Mongolia. At the same time, abun- dant bryozoan fossils were also found in sedimentary tuff slices that were collected from the upper part of the Tao- huayingzi Formation from the Taohuayingzi section in Ar Horqin Banner, and abundant small connecting body crinoid stem fossils were found in the dark shale of the Yangjiagou Formation from the Yangjiagou section of Jiutai county, Jilin Province. These marine fossils provide the first evidence that the Xingmeng area was still a marine or mainly marine environment at the end of the late Permian. This not only provides conclusive evidence for the recognition of the above two major geological issues but also promotes chan- ges in the approach towards research, exploration and development of oil and gas, shale gas （oil）, and other mineral resources that are preserved in the late Permian layers of the Northeast-Xingmeng area.     

SXRF分析恐龙脊椎头化石微量元素

利用同步辐射X射线荧光成像方法(SXRF)检测了二件不同地区的脊椎头恐龙化石,在每件化石截面上的二个不同区域分别获取了8种元素的分布图及其荧光光谱。在两件样品靠外层的骨密质部位,发现有较密集的稀土元素Y(钇)。在姜驿恐龙化石中Y的富集,来自于化石的成岩过程,在元素分布图中与稀土元素Y共生的含Ca化合物是氟磷酸钙。武定田心恐龙脊椎头化石中,在稀土元素钇的富集的区域,其它元素包括Ca的含量均特别少。此种稀土元素的富集可能是由于化石中含有分解不完全的有机物的吸附所致。在姜驿恐龙脊椎头化石中,微量元素Mn、Fe和Al属于共生矿物;As、Sr、Y元素集中分布在化石的外边缘处,也是三者共生。在田心恐龙脊椎头化石中,微量元素Mn、Fe和Al属于共生矿物,Sr、Y元素共生,Cu元素的分布相对集中。研究表明,恐龙化石中矿物的元素含量及其分布与骨骼所属的部位无关,只与源地有关。恐龙化石中稀土钇富集的地方,呈现白色。同步辐射X射线荧光探测法,能原位、快速、无损地检测出化石样品各种元素的荧光光谱,给出恐龙化石元素分布的二维信息,对于分析恐龙化石所蕴含的侏罗纪时期的古地质特征和古生物信息,给出了重要的依据。     

李四光对(竹蜓)化石的研究

本世纪20到40年代,我国地质学家李四光对(竹蜓)化石进行了深入系统的研究,发表了一系列论文和专著,提出了(竹蜓)科分类的十大准则,对(竹蜓)的研究做出了卓越的贡献,受到中外地质学家高度评价和赞赏。     

古化石与陨石的元素对比分析

古化石是古代的动植物经过漫长地质时期和地质作用形成的化石,它是地球历史的鉴证,记载着地球生态环境演变的信息;长时间遨游于太阳系中的陨石,经过宇宙间的核反应和大气的磨蚀,形成了独特的纹理与造型,记载着外太空形成演化的原始信息。古化石成分的分析是研究地球生物起源和进化的科学依据;而陨石是大自然馈赠的来自外太空的岩石样品,极为珍贵和稀少,对陨石成分的分析可以为我国外星球探测和天体化学的发展提供更好的基础。对样品的溶解方法进行选择和优化,最终以硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸为混合试剂,采用微波消解法溶解古化石样品;以王水、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸为混合试剂,采用微波消解与湿法消解相结合溶解陨石样品,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了3种古化石样品、3种陨石样品中多种元素的含量,并将古化石与陨石中相同元素的含量进行对比。分析结果表明,古化石和陨石中都含有Pb,Hg,Ge,Fe,Ni,Cu,Co和Mn等重金属元素,以及部分稀土元素。该方法加标回收率在98.2%~106%之间,相对标准偏差均小于2.12%。方法的灵敏度高,准确度和精密度好。     

Manganese speciation in Diplodon chilensis patagonicus shells: a XANES study

X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (XANES) at the Mn K‐edge was used to investigate the environment of Mn in situ within the growth increments of the long‐lived freshwater bivalve species Diplodon chilensis patagonicus. Single XANES spectra and Mn Kα fluorescence distributions were acquired at submillimetre resolution (up to 100 µm × 50 µm), at Mn concentrations below the weight percent range (100–1000 µg g^?1) in a high Ca matrix. The position and intensity of the pre‐edge feature in the shell spectrum resembles best that of the Mn(II)‐bearing reference compounds, suggesting that this is the oxidation state of Mn in the bivalve shells. By comparison with the XANES spectra of selected standard compounds, hypotheses about Mn speciation in the shell are also reported. In particular, different factors, such as provenance, ontogenetic age, variable Mn‐concentrations or seasonal shell deposition seem not to influence the speciation of the metal in this bivalve species.     

中瑞西北科学考察团在内蒙古的活动及科学贡献——读《徐旭生西游日记》

1927年中瑞西北科学考察团在内蒙古进行了地理、气象、地质、考古、环境、民族、社会等调查,历时半年,后赴新疆.主要依据中方团长徐旭生的《西游日记》（1930）和部分相关史料,简述该团的宗旨、中方团长和团员、这半年的西行路线和科学活动,回顾白云鄂博铁矿、恐龙化石和居延汉简三项发现,讨论其八十多年来的影响和意义.     

河南灵井许昌人遗址古人类化石及相关研究进展

 2007年和2014年，河南灵井遗址出土的距今10万年左右的许昌人头骨化石引起古人类学界的广泛关注，研究显示晚更新世早期中国境内可能并存多种古人类成员，不同群体之间有杂交或者基因交流产生。许昌人为中国古人类演化的地区连续性以及与欧洲古人类之间的交流提供了一定程度的支持。本文回顾了许昌人化石的发现历史、复原和研究过程，介绍了许昌人伴生的哺乳动物化石、石制品、骨质工具的最新研究进展；讨论了灵井遗址未来工作前景。许昌人化石及伴生的文化遗物为探讨当时人类的体质特征、行为方式及中国古人类的演化模式提供了重要的参考资料。     

西藏噶大克地区中生代地层及双壳类化石组合

文章较详细地研究了西藏噶大克地区三叠、侏罗、白垩纪地层及其双壳类化石的地理分布和组合特征。