探密盐井沟古生物化石遗址

盐井沟古生物化石遗址发现至今已有近百年历史,目前在重庆市、万州区各级政府的支持下,古生物化石得到了有效保护。文章通过对盐井沟古生物化石遗址的历史、成因、时代、特征等研究,揭示几十万年前盐井沟地区动物的生存状态。从地质背景上看,盐井沟地区保存了早更新世晚期至现代较为完整的生物演化序列,有望建立我国南方第四纪生物地层学的标尺。     

恐龙骨骼化石保护材料研究

自贡恐龙化石埋藏丰富、分布广泛、保存完整,具有非常重要的科学价值.为更好保护已出土恐龙化石,本文以甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯为主要原料,采用核壳聚合制备聚合物乳液,与纳米SiO2共混后应用于恐龙化石保护.结果表明:乳液分散均匀、涂层热稳定性高、涂膜附着力好(一级);经乳液涂覆的恐龙化石具有优良耐紫外线、耐酸碱性和耐水性;同时,涂膜透明性好,不影响恐龙化石外观;纳米复合乳液有望在化石保护中广泛应用.     

Microtubular metazoan fossils with multi-branches in Weng’an Biota

Microtubular metazoan fossils with multibranches are found at least 4 times from the Sinian （Ediacarian） Doushantuo Formation at Weng＇an, Guizhou, China. Their living mode should be the benthonic colony with higher ability of asexual reproduction. The inner of the tube with cross-walls and chamber shows that these fossils are basal or stemgroup cnidarians, similar to extinct tabulates. The multi-branching microtubular fossils are real metazoan found from Weng＇an biota, which is very important for studying the origin and evolvement of metazoan.     

中原地区距今5000-4000年间古环境重建的软体动物化石证据

河南孟津邙山黄土台塬上发现的全新世湖沼沉积保存有丰富的古环境信息。根据其中所含水生、两栖与陆生软体动物化石的系统研究,作者着重讨论了距今5000-4000年间古代湖沼演化的历史,并进一步根据软体动物化石的古生态分析,指出古代湖沼的演化与当时气候的变化一致。这一研究为探讨中原地区环境演变的历史及华夏文明起源的环境背景提供了重要的资料。     

An analysis of bivalve larval shell pigments using micro‐Raman spectroscopy

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy has been used on adult bivalve shells to investigate organic and inorganic shell components but has not yet been applied to bivalve larvae. It is known that the organic matrix of larval shells contains pigments, but less is known about the presence or source of these molecules in larvae. We investigated Raman spectra of seven species of bivalve larvae to assess the types of pigments present in shells of each species and how the ratio of inorganic : organic material changes in a dorso‐ventral direction. In laboratory experiments, we reared larvae of three clam species in waters containing different organic signatures to determine if larvae incorporated compounds from source waters into their shells. We found differences in spectra and pigments between most species but found less intraspecific differences. A neural network classifier for Raman spectra classified five out of seven species with greater than 85% accuracy. There were slight differences between the amount and type of pigment present along the shell, with the prodissoconch I and shell margin areas being the most variable. Raman spectra of 1‐day‐old larvae were found to be differentiable when larvae were reared in waters with different organic signatures. With micro‐Raman spectroscopy, it may be possible to identify some unknown species in the wild and trace their natal origins, which could enhance identification accuracy of bivalve larvae and ultimately aid management and restoration efforts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

羌塘盆地侏罗纪双壳类化石组合及古环境

海相侏罗系是羌塘盆地发育最全、分布最广泛的沉积层系.作者根据详细的野外地质工作,收集了典型剖面的岩相、沉积构造和大量的化石,并借鉴、总结前人的研究成果,对该区双壳类生物地层进行较系统的、全面的分析研究,划分了五个双壳类化石组合:Camptonectes auritus-Pteroperna costatula,Eomiodon angulatus-Isognomon(Mytiloperna)bathonica,Camptonectes laminatus-Anisocardia beaumonti,Anisocardia tenera-Modiala biparta以及Gervillella aviculoides-Radulopecten fibrosus;认为该区雁石坪群的时代从巴柔期至牛津-基末里期,从而建立起生物地层格架及年代地层格架.根据沉积标志以及典型的化石组合,探讨了研究区古地理环境,并识别出滨海、潮坪、潟湖、碳酸盐台地以及碳酸盐缓坡等古沉积环境,揭示了各时期自然地理状况,对探索东特提斯地区的构造演化和双壳类的生态演变都有重要的意义.     

西藏聂拉木县聂聂雄拉地区早、中侏罗世双壳类动物群

西藏聂拉木县聂聂雄拉地区，早、中侏罗世地层较发育，地层中化石属 种繁多。地层划分为下侏罗统“普普嘎组”，中侏罗统聂聂雄拉组和拉弄拉组。作者研究了该区旱、中侏罗世的双壳类动物群40多属80多种。描述双壳类化石8新种：Tancredia(T.)nyalamensis,Hiatellasubtrigona,Pronoella(P.)minima,Opis(O.)curvus,Costigeruillia tetracostata,Weyla costalliformisa,Entolium obliquus,E.subfilosus,刊出部分化石图版，简述双壳类化石组合特征。它的研究对该地区旱、中侏罗世地层划分对比，生物地理分区和动物群特征的认识都具有一定的理论与实践意义。     

龙门山区中泥盆世金宝石植物群

首次系统地记述了四川西北龙门山区中泥盆世金宝石组植物化石，共计10属19种，其中包括3新种和1新比较种，它们分属于Psilophytopsida，Primofilices，Protolepido—dendrales，Lepidodendrales和Progymnospermopsida。根据植物化石的总体面貌以及紧邻其上覆和下伏地层中所产腕足类和牙形石类化石论证了金宝石植物群的时代，将其确定为中泥盆世吉维持早期(Early Givetian)。并讨论了金宝石植物群的发现在研究古地理、古植物地理分区、植物界的演化发展以及地层的划分、对比和时代确定等方面的重要意义。     

福州市沿海养殖双壳类动物重金属研究

本文对福州市沿海养殖区的双壳类体内铅、镉、铜、锌含量加以比较研究。河口附近养殖的缢蛏体内铅和镉含量,比养殖于近海或内湾的高。内湾养殖的菲律宾蛤仔体内铜含量,比养殖于近海区的高。铅对贻贝、缢蛏、菲律宾蛤仔、长牡蛎的污染达到轻度或中度,这表明铅是福州市沿海养殖双壳类动物的重要污染因子。根据指数分析,五种双壳类受重金属综合污染程度顺序为:菲律宾蛤仔>缢蛏>褶牡蛎>长牡蛎>贻贝,但四种重金属含量均未超标。铅和铜的含量高低与养殖方式有关,趋向于吊养种类体内铅和铜含量较低,而埕养种类的铅含量和条石养殖种类的铜含量较高。     

昆明二村早奥陶世遗迹化石

文章介绍了滇东地区下奥陶统红石岩组的层型剖面及汤池组下部首次发现的遗迹化石:Cruziana furcifera d' Orbigny, C. semiplicata Salter, C. rugosa minor Luo ichnosubsp. nov., Palaeophycus hongshiyanensis Luo ichnosp. nov.等。这些遗迹化石产于具波痕和斜层理的砂岩下层面上,为浅海潮下低能带的Cruziana遗迹相。