包气带-地下水石油烃污染及其原位生物修复潜力表征

包气带-地下水石油烃污染是全球普遍存在的环境问题,原位生物修复可同时有效修复包气带和地下水,对有效控制石油烃污染有重要意义。介绍了石油烃的组成、危害与分布形态,分析了石油烃原位生物修复过程,指出了通用型生物传感器可用于检测石油烃生物可利用性、表征石油烃生物修复潜力,并在总结研究进展的基础上,展望了深入的探索方向。     

用于修复污染地表水的黄杆菌固定化工艺

针对污染地表水的特点,从河水底泥中筛选出一株能有效去除CODCr的黄杆菌(Flavobacterium sp.)进行固定化.通过几种固定化工艺的比较,确定了采用改进的PVA-Na·Alg共固定工艺,确定了聚乙烯醇(PVA)10.5%,海藻酸钠(Na·Alg)0.5%,活性炭3%及微量生长素的凝胶剂组成.运行78 h的测试结果表明,固定化颗粒对污染地表水中CODCr的去除率为86.27%,明显高于游离菌对CODCr的去除率59.65%.     

黑曲霉对Cu~(2+)生物吸附的研究

利用常规微生物资源黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger),对重金属铜进行生物吸附,研究了转速、pH值、吸附时间等影响因素对黑曲霉生物吸附Cu2+的影响.实验结果表明,当转速为100r/min时,黑曲霉对Cu2+的生物吸附量最大,为6.688mg/L;当pH为5时,黑曲霉对Cu2+的生物吸附量达到最大,为6.713mg/L;前30min ,黑曲霉对Cu2+的生物吸附非常迅速,吸附效率由0增加到18.95% ,30～60min,黑曲霉对Cu2+的生物吸附缓慢增加,60min后吸附达到稳定.     

石油污染土壤生物修复技术研究进展

石油对土壤的污染严重危害人类的健康,生物修复是改善污染现状最具潜力和生命力的技术。本文综述了微生物修复、植物修复以及联合修复技术的研究进展,认为目前国内外在生物修复应用中存在缺乏高效降解菌株、降解效率低下等问题,未来应向筛选高效降解菌株和提高降解效率等方向发展。     

石油污染土壤生物修复技术研究进展

石油对土壤的污染严重危害人类的健康,生物修复是改善污染现状最具潜力和生命力的技术。本文综述了微生物修复、植物修复以及联合修复技术的研究进展,认为目前国内外在生物修复应用中存在缺乏高效降解菌株、降解效率低下等问题,未来应向筛选高效降解菌株和提高降解效率等方向发展。     

Biodegradation Potential of Bacillus sp. PAH-2 on PAHs for Oil-Contaminated Seawater

Microbial degradation is a useful tool for inhibiting or preventing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) widely distributed in marine environment after oil spill accidents. This study aimed to evaluate the potential and diversity of bacteria Bacillus sp. PAH-2 on Benzo (a) anthracene (BaA), Pyrene (Pyr), and Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP), their composite system, aromatic components system, and crude oil. The seven-day degradation rates against BaA, Pyr, and BaP were 20.6%, 12.83%, and 17.49%, respectively. Further degradation study of aromatic components demonstrated PAH-2 had a high degradation rate of substances with poor stability of molecular structure. In addition, the degradation of PAHs in crude oil suggested PAH-2 not only made good use of PAHs in such a more complex structure of pollutants but the saturated hydrocarbons in the crude oil also showed a good application potential.     

Molecular Interactions Associated with Coagulation of Organic Pollutants by 2S Albumin of Plant Proteins: A Computational Approach

The removal of organic pollutants is a major challenge in wastewater treatment technologies. Coagulation by plant proteins is a promising technique for this purpose. The use of these proteins has been experimentally investigated and reported in the literature. However, the determination of the molecular interactions of these species is experimentally challenging and the computational approach offers a suitable alternative in gathering useful information for this system. The present study used a molecular dynamic simulation approach to predict the potentials of using Moringa oleifera (MO), Arachis hypogaea, Bertholletia excelsa, Brassica napus, and Helianthus annuus plant proteins for the coagulation of organic pollutants and the possible mechanisms of coagulation of these proteins. The results showed that the physicochemical and structural properties of the proteins are linked to their performance. Maximum coagulation of organic molecules to the proteins is between 50–100%. Among five proteins studied for coagulation, Brassica napus and Helianthus annuus performed better than the well-known MO protein. The amino acid residues interacting with the organic molecules play a significant role in the coagulation and this is peculiar with each plant protein. Hydrogen bond and π—interactions dominate throughout the protein–pollutants molecular interactions. The reusability of the proteins after coagulation derived from their structural quality analysis along with the complexes looks promising and most of them are better than that of the MO. The results showed that the seed proteins studied have good prediction potentials to be used for the coagulation of organic pollutants from the environment, as well as the insights into their molecular activities for bioremediation.     

秸秆与污泥混合堆肥研究

采用强制通风堆肥技术将干化池污泥与秸秆混合进行好氧堆肥处理．对堆肥过程中温度变化与通风量的关系进行了研究，测定了水分、耗氧速率、微生物含量及腐熟度指标中的NH4^ -N、NO3^- -N含量的变化情况及堆肥结束和腐熟时期的种子发芽率，并测试了堆肥肥效指标．堆肥处理可以实现顺利升温并在50～55℃维持5d以上，达到杀灭致病菌要求的条件，使污泥生物稳定化，作为生物有机肥使用．又通过模拟实验考察了利用堆肥过程降解模拟增塑剂污染物的情况．结果表明堆肥处理可使该增塑剂发生显著的降解，其生物修复作用可以用于消除污染物．     

外加碳源和生物激活剂对生物膜修复污染河水效果的影响

考察了低浓度葡萄糖、乙醇和生物激活剂对生物膜修复污染河水的影响。结果表明，3种药剂对生物膜去除污染河水的COD均有明显强化作用，葡萄糖的强化作用最为明显。在22～31℃，河水流量为10L／h、气水比为10：1(V／V)时，与空白相比，加入4．5mg／L的葡萄糖可使COD去除率提高50．3％，河水COD可由地表水V类水质变为I类水质。加入5mg／L乙醇可使COD去除率提高18．5％。在16～20℃、其他条件不变时，加入3mg／L的生物激活剂可使COD去除率提高17．9％。但3种药剂对于氨氮的去除意义不大，加入4．5mg／L葡萄糖后氨氮的去除率只提高7．7％。加入5mg／L乙醇后氨氮的去除率略有下降，加入3mg／L生物激活剂后，氨氮去除率略有提高。     

石油烃降解菌培养基组分和条件优化

从新疆油田油井旁土样富集、筛选得到一株高效石油烃降解菌HL-6,经初步鉴定为红球菌属（Rhodococcus sp.）．研究表明,使用乙醇作为碳源制备液体种子液是可行的,之后采用单因素试验设计先后对菌株生长的培养基组分及生长条件进行了优化．结果表明,菌株HL-6的最适生长条件为：碳源（柴油）浓度为0．5％、氮源选择（NH4）2SO4浓度为8g／L、磷源为KH2PO4：Na2HPO4摩尔比为3：1、酵母粉浓度为0．03g／L、培养时间为3d、培养温度为20℃、pH=7．6、装液量为30mL、接种量为1．5％、摇床转速为150rpm．验证实验和预期一致,优化后降解率达到89．80％,比最初的78．50％提高了14．4％．