假单胞菌AD1菌株对阿特拉津污染土壤的生物修复

向每克土壤含1mg阿特拉津的模拟污染土壤中接种假单胞菌AD1菌株,补加适量碳源和磷源,30℃培养4周以后,96％的阿特拉津被去除。     

泥浆体系中的TNT生物降解研究

利用从火炸药厂排水沟底泥中筛选到的一株能高效降解三硝基甲苯(TNT)的S菌株,研究泥浆体系中S菌对TNT污染土壤的修复行为.结果表明:土著菌的存在对于S菌的优势生长和土壤修复具有一定影响,只有较高的接种浓度才能保证高效菌株的优势生长和修复效果;葡萄糖的加入促进了泥浆体系中S菌的TNT去除;随着土壤TNT浓度的增加,泥浆体系TNT去除率提高;丙酮加入促进了土壤TNT的解吸,生物修复明显改善.     

表面活性剂对石油污染物生物降解的影响

为了探讨加速石油污染土壤微生物治理过程的有效途径,采用生物泥浆法,研究了油酸钠和十二胺对石油污染土壤微生物治理效果的影响。结果表明,阴离子型表面活性剂油酸钠能明显促进石油污染物的微生物降解过程,大幅度提高微生物的除油效果。     

Bioremediation: A review of applications and problems to be resolved

This review article describes the factors affecting bioremediation processes including: goals of bioremediation and the optimal ecological conditions required; inoculation of microorganisms; co?metabolism; bioavailability and its improvement; biological evolution and its utilization;monitoring and control of bioremediation processes; identification of bioremediation effectiveness and ecological remediation and its key elements. The current progress in bioremediation techniques is summarized. The direction of future development, research and applications is also examined.     

柴达木盆地本地资源盐生植物的应用及引种外源盐生植物的评估

本文对柴达木盆地的盐生植物进行了梳理、评价,以期确定可用于盆地内多类盐土地的生物治理改良,且有较大经济价值而可持续发展的本地盐生植物,并依据这些植物的生理生态特性及其生长环境来选择一些适合引种的外源的经济盐生植物候选物种.     

A simple method for quantifying activity and survival of microorganisms involved in bioremediation processes

We have developed a substrate-induced growth response (SIGR) method for quantifying activity and population dynamics of microorganisms involved in bioremediation processes in soil and bioreactors. The biomass of organisms that can mineralize a given chemical can be estimated based on the concentration of that chemical needed to induce the growth of the standing population. Estimates of population size are obtained by using nonlinear regression techniques to fit a simple model of microbial population dynamics to biodegradation curves. Using this approach we obtain estimates of values for parameters such as initial population size and growth rate of organisms carrying out biodegradative processes. Our approach was validated by comparing model parameter estimates with independent estimates of the same parameters from the same bioremediation systems. Examples studied include pentachlorophenol degraders introduced into soil and 2,4-dinitrophenol degrading organisms in a bioreactor.     

Toxicity assessment of nickel using Aspergillus niger and its removal from an industrial effluent

Chemical analysis of electroplating effluent revealed the presence of very high concentrations of nickel (393 ppm) in the effluent. Bioassay was carried out to test the toxicity of nickel chloride to Aspergillus niger. In contrast to 50% conidial inhibition at 1.7 mM nickel, hyphal extension was affected even at a lower concentration (0.4 mM), suggesting that hyphae are more sensitive than conidia to nickel. An increase in nickel concentration resulted in a proportionate decrease in the hyphal extension. Nickel (II)-resistant mutants of A. niger M1, M2, and M3, were obtained using direct selection, stepwise adaptation, and ultraviolet mutation techniques. Biosorption of Ni (II) by the mutant M3 was 50% more than that of its parent strain.     

Bioreactor development with respect to process constraints imposed by bio-oxidation and waste remediation

Bioreactors serve a central role in biotechnological processes by providing the link between starting materials and final products. In most biological systems, there are complex series of reactions that must be optimized and coordinated in a very specific environment. Despite the complexity of biocatalytic processes, there is usually a rate-limiting step controlling the reaction, as well as a few secondary limitations. These limitations provide the basis for process design and bioprocess equipment specifications. The EIMCO Slurry Bioreactor has been designed to overcome these limitations encountered during the bio-oxidation of refractory gold ores and concentrates and hazardous waste bioremediation.     

Particle swarm with radial basis function surrogates for expensive black-box optimization

This paper develops the OPUS (Optimization by Particle swarm Using Surrogates) framework for expensive black-box optimization. In each iteration, OPUS considers multiple trial positions for each particle in the swarm and uses a surrogate model to identify the most promising trial position. Moreover, the current overall best position is refined by finding the global minimum of the surrogate in the neighborhood of that position. OPUS is implemented using an RBF surrogate and the resulting OPUS-RBF algorithm is applied to a 36-D groundwater bioremediation problem, a 14-D watershed calibration problem, and ten mostly 30-D test problems. OPUS-RBF is compared with a standard PSO, CMA-ES, two other surrogate-assisted PSO algorithms, and an RBF-assisted evolution strategy. The numerical results suggest that OPUS-RBF is promising for expensive black-box optimization.     

助剂对石油污染土壤生物修复的强化作用

在添加高效降解菌剂的基础上,研究了营养物质的种类、添加量以及不同表面活性剂对石油污染土壤修复效果的影响。结果表明,营养物质种类对修复过程的影响显著,添加N、P含量较高的硝基磷酸铵以及自行配制的NH4NO3:NH4H2PO4=5:1混合肥料的处理石油降解率比对照分别提高15.1%以及17.2%,当土壤中C:N的比例控制在100:7.05~100:9.4之间时,修复效果较好,且肥料的添加宜采用少量多次的原则;添加表面活性剂的处理中,鼠李糖脂的处理效果最好,石油降解率比对照提高8%,优于其他化学表面活性剂处理。