Bioengineered Chimeric Spider Silk‐Uranium Binding Proteins

Heavy metals constitute a source of environmental pollution. Here, novel functional hybrid biomaterials for specific interactions with heavy metals are designed by bioengineering consensus sequence repeats from spider silk of Nephila clavipes with repeats of a uranium peptide recognition motif from a mutated 33‐residue of calmodulin protein from Paramecium tetraurelia. The self‐assembly features of the silk to control nanoscale organic/inorganic material interfaces provides new biomaterials for uranium recovery. With subsequent enzymatic digestion of the silk to concentrate the sequestered metals, options can be envisaged to use these new chimeric protein systems in environmental engineering, including to remediate environments contaminated by uranium.

     

石化污泥优势菌群的高通量分析及16S rRNA基因鉴定

针对石化污泥中的细菌进行了454高通量分析,共得到11 488条序列.发现在相似度97%的水平上,样品的OTU丰度最高;经测序分析,石化污泥中共有细菌235个属,其中短小盒菌属最多,占到整个细菌菌群的28.39%,芽孢杆菌属占14.43%,属种丰度1.5%～10.0%的有9个属(占28.99%).这11个属被确定为优势菌群.通过对污泥优势菌群的分离培养,依据16S r RNA基因鉴定该11属有22个种,并用16S r RNA基因序列比对建立了优势菌株系统发育树.该优势菌群能分解石化污水污泥中的工业污染物,并以此污染物为营养和能源,进行相对旺盛的生命活动,成为对石化污染水体进行生物修复的宝贵菌种资源.     

Insight into the Metabolic Profiles of Pb(II) Removing Microorganisms

The objective of the study was to gather insight into the metabolism of lead-removing microorganisms, coupled with Pb(II) removal, biomass viability and nitrate concentrations for Pb(II) bioremoval using an industrially obtained microbial consortium. The consortium used for study has proven to be highly effective at removing aqueous Pb(II) from solution. Anaerobic batch experiments were conducted with Luria-Bertani broth as rich growth medium over a period of 33 h, comparing a lower concentration of Pb(II) with a higher concentration at two different nutrient concentrations. Metabolite profiling and quantification were conducted with the aid of both liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-HDMS) in a “non-targeted” fashion and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in a “targeted” fashion. Four main compounds were identified, and a metabolic study was conducted on each to establish their possible significance for Pb(II) bioremoval. The study investigates the first metabolic profile to date for Pb(II) bioremoval, which in turn can result in a clarified understanding for development on an industrial and microbial level.     

中国生物修复的应用及进展

系统介绍了生物修复的概念、原理、类型，回顾了国内外生物修复的发展历程，重点论述了国内生物修复在受污染的土壤、水体方面的应用及进展，并指出了生物修复所需要深入研究的问题。     

滨海湿地的生物修复

鉴于日益突出的滨海湿地生态环境问题及生物修复技术的优越性,对滨海湿地的生物修复技术进行了综述,首先从有机污染及重金属污染方面阐述了生物修复的两大技术应用：微生物修复及植物修复,然后提出最佳的修复技术——植物-微生物联合生物修复,最后指出进一步研究的方向,对滨海湿地的修复会有一定的帮助．     

环境生物技术与水污染控制

介绍了环境生物技术的研究,发展和应用,指出以现代微生物选育及培养技术和新型高效生物反应器的基础的环境生物技术,目前在提高传统的有机废水厌氧－好氧生物处理过程的效能,开发毒害性化合物在生物处理技术,污染场地的生物补救和修复技术,研制生物可降解材料和用于环境治理的向生物制剂等方面,显示出了不可估量的潜力,将成为２１世纪高新技术的重要组成部分。     

生物修复技术在地表水污染处理中的应用

结合15篇参考文献综述了生物修复的原理与特点, 针对地表水体的环境特点,重点论述了国内外生物修复在受污染的地表水体处理的几个方面的应用,并展望了利用生物修复技术治理受污染水体的前景.