黄原胶在热管生物反应器中传热数值模拟

采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,研究了多种因素对黄原胶水溶液在传统反应器与热管生物反应器中传质与传热状况的影响,通过数值模拟得到了反应器中流动场、温度场和全釜死区分布.结果显示:经典最大叶片式桨及改进最大叶片式桨都具有"双循环"流型结构,在釜内形成了良好的主体循环流动,有利于改善反应器内的传质与传热,验证了热管的使用没有对反应器中的流动场造成严重的影响;而温度场的比较则表明:热管的使用明显提高了反应器的传热性能,使反应器中的整体温度有明显下降.     

厌氧氨氧化反应器启动及污泥产率系数测定

在膨胀颗粒污泥床中接种厌氧颗粒污泥,采用间歇进水、间歇出水方式运行210 d,成功启动了厌氧氨氧化反应器.在总氮容积负荷为0.11 kg/(m3*d)下,氨氮去除率达75%,亚硝酸盐氮去除率达85%,污泥颜色由原来的黑色渐渐变为棕色,厌氧颗粒污泥逐渐解体,新的厌氧氨氧化污泥颗粒粒径较小.氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮去除量和硝酸盐氮生成量的比例为1:1.1:0.18.在对厌氧氨氧化过程电子流分析基础上,建立了厌氧氨氧化细胞产率系数与NH 4、NO-2去除量和NO-3生成量之间的计量学关系,估算出厌氧氨氧化菌产率系数为0.080 mol CH2O0.5N0.15/mol NH 4.     

植物生物反应器制药的商品化进展及展望

利用植物生物反应器生产药品是生物制药的一个分支,该技术通过基因工程植物生产药用蛋白质分子、肽和二级代谢物,具有成本低、规模化生产等优点.文章综述了植物生物反应器制药的国内外专利情况,专利内容包括疫苗、治疗蛋白和抗体等研究对象,我国专利申请数量以疫苗为最多,大多由高校等研究机构申请;阐述了国内外植物源疫苗、抗体、治疗和保...     

Modeling of mixed liquor inorganic suspended solids and membrane flux at different ratio of SRT to HRT in a submerged membrane bioreactor

In order to investigate the influence of mixed liquor inorganic suspended solids (MLISS) on membrane flux at different ratio of sludge retention time (SRT) to hydraulic retention time (HRT) in a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR), a pilot scale test was conducted for 452 days using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) wastewater as influent. SRT/HRT was controlled at 150, 480 and 750, respectively. The experimental results showed that the average values of MLISS were 1271.9, 1664.5 and 6898.8 mg/L at different SRT/HRT, respectively; MLISS were accumulated from 265.5 g/h to 4912.93 g/h, which indicated that SMBR could not steadily operate for a long period without sludge withdrawal. Sludge oxygen utilized rate (SOUR) decreased from 5.115 to 1.292 mgO₂/(gVSS h) and volume oxygen utilized rate (VOUR) increased from 10.84 to 18.13 mgO₂/(L h). Model of membrane flux and MLISS were developed under different temperature and operational pressure by regressions, which were then satisfactorily employed to predict the trend of membrane flux during the experiment.     

Improved Performance of Membrane Bioreactor by Sludge Ozonation for Reduction of Excess Sludge Production

To seek for an alternative solution for the treatment and disposal of excess activated sludge, a hybrid system of membrane bioreactor ( MBR) coupled with ozonation process (i.e., ozonation run) was set up to treat the domestic wastewater. A reference run without ozonation was also preformed as a control. The optimal ozone dose of solubilization in the ozonation run was firstly determined through the batch sludge ozonation tests. A 40-day continuous operation of the two parallel systems demonstrated that circulation of ozonized sludge as lysate did not impact the performance of MBR in terms of organic and ammonia removal. On the contrary, an improvement in TN removal (by 7.7%) and sludge reduction (by 54%) was observed in the ozonation-combined MBR, and it was furthermore illustrated by the calculation of the mass balance based on the COD and TN substances. In addition,ozonation did not deteriorate the sludge activities for the ozonation run, indicating that not much inert organic materials built up in the bioreactor. Decreased VSS/SS ratio and lower amount of filamentous bacteria after ozonation treatment on the other hand improved the sludge settleability, as lower and constant Sluge Volume Index (SVI) values were detected in the ozonation run.     

气升式反应器结构参数优化设计CFD仿真研究

气升式反应器是生物发酵生产过程中的重要设备,工业生产过程中要求反应器内保持较高的气含率和循环液速,从而提高气液传质效率.由于气升式反应器的导流简直径对气含率和循环液速有决定性影响,研究其结构参数优化设计具有重要意义;文章利用计算流体力学仿真软件研究了气升式反应器内的流动状态,给出了不同导流简直径下气含率和循环液速的变化趋势,发现了该结构参数存在最佳设计范围.     

投加絮凝剂对膜生物反应器影响的试验研究

为了提高膜生物反应器的处理效果、减轻膜污染,采用试验研究方法,探讨了投加絮凝剂对污染物去除效果、膜通量衰减的影响以及膜表面特性的变化情况,并探讨了絮凝剂最佳投加量.结果表明:适量投加絮凝剂可有效改善污泥特性,磷的去除率从60%提高到85%,减缓膜通量衰减,小时膜通量衰减从原来的65.1%升至78.6%,说明投加絮凝剂是一种防治膜污染的有效手段.     

固定化细胞粉丝废水发酵天然红色素的研究

以粉丝生产废水为主要培养基,对聚乙烯醇海藻酸钠双载体固定红曲发酵生产红曲色素进行了研究、结果表明。最佳发酵条件为：发酵培养基pH值5～6;培养温度30℃;固定化细胞粒子接入量20％。通气量1：0.5。培养80h左右可获得较高的生物量和色价浓度。     

Characterization of the Engineering Flow in a Miniaturised Bioreactor by Computational Fluid Dynamics

Three approaches based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD) techniques have been assessed for their ability to describe the engineering flow environment in a miniaturized mechanically agitated bioreactor. The three approaches tested were the source-sink(SS), the multiple reference frames (MRF) and the sliding grids(SG). In all the cases, the predictions of the velocity components agree with reported experimental data. However, the analysis of the results of the turbulent intensities predicted by the three approaches indicates the MRF and the SG techniques under predicted turbulent intensities are comparable to both experimental measurements and the SS method. The predicted power number and pumping number based on the SS ap-proach are closer to typical reported experimental values compared to those obtained from the MRF and SG methods.     

Simultaneous determination of estrogenic and androgenic hormones in water by isotope dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analytical method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of 7 estrogenic hormones (17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, estrone, mestranol, 17α-ethynylestradiol, levonorgestrel, estriol) and 5 androgenic hormones (testosterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione) in aqueous matrices. This method is unique in its inclusion of all 12 of these estrogens and androgens and is of particular value due to its very short chromatographic run time of 15 min. The use of isotope dilution for all analytes ensures the accurate quantification, accounting for analytical variabilities that may be introduced during sample processing and instrumental analysis. Direct isotopically labelled analogues were used for 8 of the 12 hormones and satisfactory isotope standards were identified for the remaining 4 hormones. Method detection levels (MDLs) were determined to describe analyte concentrations sufficient to provide a signal with 99% certainty of detection. The established MDLs for most analytes were 1-5 ngL(-1) in a variety of aqueous matrices. However, slightly higher MDLs were observed for etiocholanolone, androstenedione, testosterone, levonorgestrel and dihydrotestosterone in some aqueous matrices. Sample matrices were observed to have only a minor impact on MDLs and the method validation confirmed satisfactory method stability over intra-day and inter-day analyses of surface water and tertiary treated effluent samples.