燃气蒸汽联合循环燃料系统动力学建模的分析研究

为了提高燃气轮机联合循环动力学建模的精度和适用范围,对影响燃料量的因素进行全面分析.提出将燃料量作为复合自变量进行燃料系统建模的必要性,确立以燃料指令、分配系数、机组负荷、转速和燃料低位发热量作为其简单自变量,采用模块化的灰箱建模法建立燃料系统动态模型.对仿真与实际机组的燃料指令和流量之间的匹配关系进行了研究,提出以燃料设计热耗量为枢纽的仿真系统燃料流量修正方法,建立了更加精确的稳态模型,提高了联合循环动力学模型对于燃料种类变化的适应能力.利用所建立的模型对气、液燃料的切换、混烧过程及机组起动过程进行了数字仿真,分析研究了其动态特性,表明该模型的精度和适应性得到明显的提高.     

低温工况下燃料电池性能衰减及策略优化

利用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、循环伏安(CV)及分区测试技术等表征手段,从不同角度对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)在低温(0℃)存储和启动工况下的性能衰减进行研究.结果表明:停机过程无气体吹扫的情况下,冻结/解冻循环导致PEMFC极化阻抗增加,电流密度衰减,催化剂电化学活性面积(ECSA)减少,以及分区电流密度分布均匀性下降,直接影响了PEMFC耐久性;基于优化的二次吹扫策略,可在更少吹扫气体用量下,增强吹扫除水效果;通过水浴加热辅助,在340s内成功实现单电池-30℃低温冷启动.     

不同轮伐期对巨尾桉人工林碳固存的影响

【目的】深入探讨不同轮伐期对巨尾桉人工林碳固存的影响,为从应对全球气候变化的视角确定合理轮伐期提供理论依据。【方法】以轮伐期为短(7a)、中(13a)和长周期(21a)的巨尾桉人工林为研究对象,通过对不同轮伐期桉树林分生物量、碳固存、年平均固碳量的分析,揭示不同轮伐期对桉树林分碳固存的影响。【结果】巨尾桉人工林的生物量碳随着轮伐期的延长而逐渐增加,由7a轮伐期的(75.81±5.12)t·C/hm~2增至13a轮伐期的(180.11±19.97)t·C/hm~2以及21a轮伐期的(192.08±16.50)t·C/hm~2,方差分析表明,13a和21a轮伐期的总生物量碳显著高于7a轮伐期,而13a和21a轮伐期之间的差异不显著。巨尾桉人工林土壤有机碳随轮伐期延长而显著降低,由7a轮伐期的(89.99±0.35)t·C/hm~2、13a轮伐期的(85.42±0.76)t·C/hm~2下降到21a轮伐期的(74.64±0.24)t·C/hm~2。7~13a仍是巨尾桉人工林固碳能力迅速增长期,年平均总生物量碳由7a时的10.78t·C/(hm~2·a)迅速提高到13a的19.54t·C/(hm~2·a),增长81%;21a时巨尾桉人工林进入固碳能力下降期,年平均总生物量碳降至3.78t·C/(hm~2·a),固碳能力只是13a的19.34%。【结论】在南亚热带,巨尾桉人工林的最佳轮伐期确定在13a左右较为适宜,这与经济效益的最大化一致。     

Synthesis of furan dimer‐based polyamides with a high melting point

Polyamide composed of furan dimer, which is prepared from biomass‐derived organic molecule 2‐furfural, is synthesized. The reaction of 2,2′‐furan dimer 5,5′‐dicarbonyl chloride with several 1,ω‐diamines was carried out with a solution or interfacial polycondensation leading to the corresponding polyamide. Measurement of the melting point was performed resulting to exhibit a higher temperature compared with the related polyamide bearing a single furan ring composed of furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Thermal analyses (TG–DTA) also indicated higher temperatures of decomposition than those of FDCA‐derived polyamide. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 1516–1519     

Investigation of proton conductivity of anhydrous proton exchange membranes prepared via grafting vinyltriazole onto alkaline‐treated PVDF

This work uses a simple “grafting through” approach in the preparation of anhydrous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐g‐PVTri polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs). Alkaline‐treated PVDF was used as a macromolecule in conjunction with vinyltriazole in the graft copolymerization. The obtained polymer was subsequently doped with triflic acid (TA) at different stoichiometric ratios with respect to triazole units and the anhydrous PEMs (PVDF‐g‐PVTri‐(TA)_x) were prepared. All samples were characterized by FTIR and ¹H NMR. The composition of PVDF‐g‐PVTri was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy. Thermal properties of the membranes were examined by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The surface roughness and morphology of the membranes were studied using atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. PVDF‐g‐PVTri‐(TA)₃ (C3‐TA₃) with a degree of grafting of 47.22% showed a maximum proton conductivity of 0.09 S cm^?1 at 150 °C and anhydrous conditions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 1885–1897     

大尺寸亲水结构序列嵌段离聚物的结构及性能

以双酚芴、4,4’-二氯二苯砜、联苯双酚型二氮杂萘酮、二氟二苯酮磺酸钠为原料,采用"二锅二步"法制备了一系列具有不同尺寸亲水结构的芴-联苯双酚型氮杂萘酮-两亲序列嵌段聚芳醚砜酮离聚物质子交换膜材料.对合成的质子交换膜材料结构和性能的研究表明:该系列新型离聚物的结构可控;离聚物膜具有明显的微相分离结构,憎水相以小的分离的连续相包裹在亲水连续相中,且随着亲水链段尺寸的增大,其亲水区域的尺寸增大,呈现明显的吸水溶胀状态,形成了大的质子交换通道;该系列膜具有良好的热稳定性,合适的吸水率和溶胀率,良好的质子传导率、力学性能以及高温水解稳定性;随着大尺寸亲水链段尺寸的增加,膜的吸醇率增加,抗氧化性能降低;该系列膜的质子传导率随着温度的升高而增大,5c,5d在20℃下的质子传导率接近或高于Nafion 117的30℃质子传导率,5d的质子传导率在80℃下达到了15.63mS/cm.     

Sound absorption properties of polyurethane foams derived from crude glycerol and liquefied coffee grounds polyol

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the sound absorption properties of rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs) produced from crude glycerol (CG) and/or liquefied coffee grounds derived polyol (POL). The lignin content of POL proved to have a major influence on the structure and mechanical properties of the foams. Indeed, the POL content increased the cell size of the foams and their stiffness, which subsequently influenced the sound absorption coefficients. The POL derived foam has slightly higher sound absorption coefficient values at lower frequencies, while the CG foam has higher sound absorption coefficient values at higher frequencies. In turn, the foam prepared using a 50/50 mixture of polyols presents slightly higher sound absorption coefficient values in the medium frequencies range due to a balance between the cell structure and the mechanical properties. The results obtained seem to suggest that the mechanisms involved in sound wave absorption depend on the formulation used to prepare the foams. Additionally higher POL contents improved the thermal stability of PUFs as well as their mechanical properties. From this work the suitability of CG and/or POL derived PUFs as sound absorbing materials has been proven.     

Mo2C/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity and Biocompatibility for Microbial Fuel Cells

A simple, cost-effective strategy was developed to effectively improve the electron transfer efficiency as well as the power output of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) by decorating the commercial carbon paper (CP) anode with an advanced Mo₂C/reduced graphene oxide (Mo₂C/RGO) composite. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the superior electrocatalytic activity of Mo₂C, the high surface area, and prominent conductivity of RGO, the MFC equipped with this Mo₂C/RGO composite yielded a remarkable output power density of 1747±37.6 mW m⁻², which was considerably higher than that of CP-MFC (926.8±6.3 mW m⁻²). Importantly, the composite also facilitated the formation of 3D hybrid biofilm and could effectively improve the bacteria–electrode interaction. These features resulted in an enhanced coulombic efficiency up 13.2 %, nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of the CP (1.2 %).