光镊技术在生命科学研究中的发展与应用

介绍了光镊技术的原理和系统结构,追踪了光镊操作和探测技术从微米到纳米的进展,最后给出了纳米光镊在生物技术领域的应用.     

含硫席夫碱及其锰配合物的合成与生物活性

合成了2-乙酰基吡嗪单缩二氨基硫脲、2-乙酰基吡嗪缩二氨基硫脲缩5-氯水杨醛及其锰配合物,用IR、UV、元素分析等多种手段对它们进行了表征,并测试了它们对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单孢菌的抑制情况．     

现代生物技术与生态环境保护

回顾了运用现代生物技术进行环境保护研究取得的新成果,包括运用基因工程减少作物的化肥施用量、改善植物吸收重金属的能力、消除除草剂污染源、生产可降解塑料以及新型基因工程杀虫剂的开发,从而起到保护生态环境的作用。     

硫酸盐废水生物处理的影响因素

阐述了SRB的代谢机理和影响因素,详细介绍了硫酸盐废水的厌氧微生物处理技术。     

多环芳烃对土壤中小麦发育的生态毒性效应

以高等植物小麦的种子发芽和根伸长的抑制率进行土壤苯并[a]芘生物毒．f生研究．将小麦种子播种于土壤中,置于培养箱中25℃黑暗培养47h,观测在不同土壤类型和苯并[a]芘不同浓度下的种子发芽和根伸长．结果表明,多环芳烃苯并[a]芘污染土壤对小麦的种子发芽和根伸长有抑制作用（与对照比较）,因土壤类型的不同,污染物浓度的不同,抑制作用不同．苯并[a]芘污染土壤中,小麦的根伸长抑制浓度大小顺序为：红壤〉水稻土〉潮土,IC50（50％的根伸长抑制浓度）分别为：1670、1515、1451mg／kg．小麦根伸长抑制率与土壤污染物浓度间的相关性高干种平右莽抑制率与苴的相姜性     

秦山三期（重水堆）核电站工程建设和重大技术创新

秦山三期重水堆核电站是我国首座商用重水堆核电站,也是中国和加拿大两国政府间迄今最大的贸易项目。业主秦山第三核电有限公司在工程建设、调试及自主运行的过程中,坚持自主创新管理,有效实施工程质量、进度和投资三大控制;并在消化吸收CANDU-6技术的基础上进行改进,提高机组的安全性和可靠性。工程的建设实践,使我国核电工程管理在已有的基础上,基本实现了程序化、信息化的规范管理并与国际接轨。工程建成后,在保证机组安全稳定运行的基础上又进行了多项技术改进和创新,使机组性能持续提高。在人才培养方面,注重培育企业文化,强化人员培训,建立起员工培训与工程建设互相促进的良性循环机制。秦山三期工程在核电项目管理水平的提高和发展,可为推动我国核电发展和大型引进工程的规范化管理提供借鉴。     

Pilot Scale Test to Treat High Concentration Gasification Wastewater Using Catalytic Oxidation and Aerobic Biological Fluid-Bed Combination Process

The gasification wastewater is a kind of typical organic industrial wastewater with high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and ammonia nitrogen, which could not be completely degraded by the traditional physical, chemical and biological method. So it is very important to find an effective treatment process. A combination process of catalytic oxidation with noble metal catalysts and aerobic biological fluid-bed packed with the new ultrastructure biological carriers, which was developed by ourselves, was investigated to treat the gasification wastewater. The pilot scale test with 0.5 m^3/h influent flow was carried out to investigate the performance of this new combination process. The results showed that the effluent COD was 84.02 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen was 14.15 mg/L, and total phenol was 0.20 mg/L, which could completely meet the Grade I of Wastewater Discharge Standard （GB8978-1996）, when the influent average COD was 5 564 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen was 237 mg/L, and total phenol was 1 100 mg/L. The two catalytic reactors could evidently improve the wastewater biodegradability, and the value of BOD5/COD （B/C） increased from 0.23 to 0.413 in the one-stage catalytic reactor and from 0. 273 to 0.421 in two-stage catalytic reactor. The further experiment results showed that the effluent quality of this new combination process could still meet the discharge standard, when the COD loading was 8.65 kg / （m^3· d）. Most of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds were degraded effectively in this combination process.     

通花梗根多糖分离纯化及生物功能研究

以通花梗根为实验材料,对通花梗根多糖的分离纯化、含量测定和组分分离进行研究,探讨该多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响。采用正交实验设计选择提取通花梗根多糖的优化条件;采用碳粒廓清实验测定多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能的作用。实验结果显示:①提取通花梗根多糖的优化条件为:料水比为1:30,时间2 h,温度90℃;②乙酸铅用量在0.67%以上,可以除净糖液中的蛋白质,乙酸铅用量在0.31%~0.77%之间时,不仅可以排除蛋白质的干扰,而且不会影响多糖得率;③多糖溶液中含醇量达80%以上时,可以完全沉淀多糖;④乙醇分级沉淀该多糖,通过Sephadex G-100柱进行组分分离,得到7个洗脱峰;⑤通花梗根多糖组的碳粒廓清指数(K)和吞噬指数(α)显著高于模型组。实验结果表明,通花梗根多糖由7种单一多糖组分构成,具有提高小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能的作用,为进一步阐明通花梗根多糖的药理作用奠定了实验基础。     

含烃废水中硫化物生物氧化的影响因素

采用填充聚氨酯(FPUFS)载体的上流式生物氧化反应器处理含烃废水中的硫化物,考察了曝气量、水力停留时间(HRT)、进水硫化物浓度、pH值和进水石油烃浓度对硫化物生物氧化的影响。结果表明,在曝气量为300mL/min,HRT为90min,进水硫化物浓度<300mg/L,pH值为6.1～7.8的条件下,硫化物去除率在80%以上。在试验考察的石油烃浓度范围内,反应器对总有机碳(TOC)没有明显的去除效果,石油烃对硫化物去除率的影响不超过5%,但硫酸根转化率随石油烃浓度的增加显著下降。     

Simulation of the spatial distribution of the acoustic pressure in sonochemical reactors with numerical methods: A review

Numerical methods for the calculation of the acoustic field inside sonoreactors have rapidly emerged in the last 15 years. This paper summarizes some of the most important works on this topic presented in the past, along with the diverse numerical works that have been published since then, reviewing the state of the art from a qualitative point of view. In this sense, we illustrate and discuss some of the models recently developed by the scientific community to deal with some of the complex events that take place in a sonochemical reactor such as the vibration of the reactor walls and the nonlinear phenomena inherent to the presence of ultrasonic cavitation. In addition, we point out some of the upcoming challenges that must be addressed in order to develop a reliable tool for the proper designing of efficient sonoreactors and the scale-up of sonochemical processes.