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141.
The progress of high temperature processes is generally described in terms of variation of the degree of conversion () with time (t). The present paper outlines a procedure for making use of-t plots for comparative assessment of productivity and energy requirements for a test system with respect to a reference, on the basis of some simplifying assumptions. It is assumed that the throughput is inversely proportional to reaction time as in the case of batch reactors and plug flow reactors. It is also assumed that the energy requirement is a simple function of process temperature. The principles outlined is illustrated with reference to some laboratory data for reduction of iron oxide by coal.The authors wish to thank Prof. P. R. Rao, Director National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, India, for providing facilities for experimental work and for according permission to publish this work. 相似文献
142.
143.
Citric acid is finding new areas of use each year and the demand for the acid is constantly increasing. Being a bulk chemical,
the continuous production of citric acid would be advantageous. The paper presents the results from ammonia limited batch
and continuous fermentations using the yeast strainSaccharomycopsis (Candida) lipolytica (NRRL Y-7576). Mathematical models were developed for growth and glucose utilization in batch and continuous culture. Cell
and acid yields appeared to be almost the same in batch and continuous culture. The specific production rates were found to
be constant, equal to 0.053 g/g h, in the batch fermentations but varied in the continuous experiments from 0 to 0.11 g/g
h depending on the fermentation conditions. Continuous production in a single stage CSTR was studied for over 1,000 hours
without shutdown. 相似文献
144.
Steroids comprise a large group of natural substances that must frequently be monitored in various biological materials. Due to the metabolic versatility of steroid molecules, extremely complex mixtures are often encountered, necessitating the use of a chromatographic procedure prior to measurement. In this article we present our work, that is, the development of analyses of biological steroids (especially vitamin D compounds and neurosteroids) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (including inclusion chromatography using cyclodextrin) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. 相似文献
145.
In order to search for novel agrochemicals with high activity and low toxicity, a series of phosphonate derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole and thiazole rings were designed and synthesized using 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)- thiazole as the starting material. Their structures were confirmed by IR, ^1H NMR, ^31p NMR, EI-MS or ESI-MS and elemental analyses. The crystal structure of 7a was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Preliminary bioassays indicated that most of the target compounds did not display insecticidal activities, but a fraction of them possessed herbicidal and fungicidal activities to some extent. 相似文献
146.
Orhan Acar 《Mikrochimica acta》2005,151(1-2):53-58
Lead, Cr, Mn and Zn in slurries of botanic and biological samples were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) using W, Ir, NH4H2PO4, W and NH4H2PO4, Ir and NH4H2PO4, W and Ir, and W + Ir + NH4H2PO4 chemical modifiers in an 0.2% (v/v) Triton X-100 plus 0.2% (v/v) nitric acid mixture. Zeeman effect background correction was performed and platforms inserted into graphite tubes were used. Comprehensive comparative studies were carried out with respect to pyrolysis and atomization temperatures, atomization and background absorption profiles, characteristic masses, detection limits and accuracy of the determinations in the presence and absence of modifiers. The mixture of W + Ir + NH4H2PO4 was found to be preferable for the determination of Pb, Cr, Mn and Zn in slurry samples. The pyrolysis temperatures of the analytes were increased up to 1250 °C for Pb, 1000 °C for Zn, 1400 °C for Cr and Mn by using W + Ir + NH4H2PO4 with an 0.2% (v/v) Triton X-100 plus 0.2% (v/v) nitric acid mixture used as diluent solution. The optimum masses of the mixed modifier components were found to be 20 µg W + 4 µg Ir + 50 µg NH4H2PO4. The characteristic masses of Pb, Cr, Mn and Zn obtained are 16.3, 5.6, 0.1 and 1.1 pg, respectively. The detection limits of Pb, Cr, Mn and Zn based on integrated absorbance for 0.5% (m v−1) slurries were found to be 0.14, 0.06, 0.02 and 0.01 µg g−1, respectively. The slurries of botanic and biological certified and standard reference materials were analyzed with and without the modifiers. Depending on the sample type, the percent recoveries increased from 63 up to 104% for analytes when using the proposed modifier mixture. 相似文献
147.
一种低能耗污水处理技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为研究低能耗污水处理技术,采用ABR(厌氧折流板)酸化反应器-两级人工湿地工艺处理生活污水.试验结果表明,本工艺对COD、BOD5、TN和TP平均去除率分别为92%、98%、29%、和64%,出水可以达到国家一级排放标准.该工艺适用于南方小城镇地区的污水分散处理. 相似文献
148.
生活污水厌氧处理研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对应用于生活污水处理的厌氧反应器进行了归纳,并综述了国内外厌氧技术处理生活污水的主要研究问题和研究现状.最后展望了生活污水厌氧处理的研究方向. 相似文献
149.
曝气生物流化床处理炼油厂含硫和高氨氮污水的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
炼油厂含硫污水因含高浓度的油、COD、硫化物及挥发酚而难于生化降解,催化剂生产中排放的污水因含高浓度的氨氮、盐类、悬浮物质以及低浓度的有机物而成为水处理的难题.本文采用一种曝气生物流化床(ABFT)工艺,对含硫污水和催化剂高氨氮污水的混合污水进行了现场连续试验,结果表明:在混合污水COD为2090mg/L、氨氮为600mg/L、挥发酚为27mg/L和硫化物为154mg/L的情况下,ABFT系统出水COD为95mg/L、氨氮为4.0mg/L、挥发酚为0.30mg/L和硫化物为0.0067mg/L,出水达到了国家污水排放标准一级标准.在处理工艺中,动态氧化和混凝沉淀作为预处理,ABFT反应器采用了合成高分子载体固定化微生物技术,该载体具有大孔网状以及优良的机械强度和化学性能,高效微生物B350通过化学键固定在载体上.克氏定氮法表明,ABFT中生物负载量为32mg/L.试验结果显示:在处理高氨氮污水方面,ABFT工艺比SBR工艺具有更强的优势,同时,ABFT系统具有较高的处理效率和耐冲击负荷能力. 相似文献
150.
食品工业中低温生物效应的控制与利用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
张瑞宇 《重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,22(5):516-519
阐述了低温生物效应遵循的基本规律,及其在以所有冻结点为界的上下温度区间的主要特征;论述了冰温生物效应、冷冻低温效应和天然高聚物玻璃化转变的机理,指出了在食品工业中应用这些效应的相关低温技术时所存在的关键问题. 相似文献