Salpianthus macrodontus Extracts,a Novel Source of Phenolic Compounds with Antibacterial Activity against Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from White Shrimp

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity in vitro of Salpianthus macrodontus and Azadirachta indica extracts against potentially pathogenic bacteria for Pacific white shrimp. Furthermore, the extracts with higher inhibitory activity were analyzed to identify compounds responsible for bacterial inhibition and evaluate their effect on motility and biofilm formation. S. macrodontus and A. indica extracts were prepared using methanol, acetone, and hexane by ultrasound. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, Photobacterium damselae and P. leiognathi. The polyphenol profile of those extracts showing the highest bacterial inhibition were determined. Besides, the bacterial swimming and swarming motility and biofilm formation were determined. The highest inhibitory activity against the four pathogens was found with the acetonic extract of S. macrodontus leaf (MIC of 50 mg/mL for Vibrio spp. and 25 mg/mL for Photobacterium spp.) and the methanol extract of S. macrodontus flower (MIC of 50 mg/mL for all pathogens tested). Both extracts affected the swarming and swimming motility and the biofilm formation of the tested bacteria. The main phenolic compounds related to Vibrio bacteria inhibition were naringin, vanillic acid, and rosmarinic acid, whilst hesperidin, kaempferol pentosyl-rutinoside, and rhamnetin were related to Photobacterium bacteria inhibition.     

Inhibition of Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation by Seed-Derived Ethanol Extracts from Persea americana Mill

The increase in antibiotic resistance demands innovative strategies to combat microorganisms. The current study evaluated the antibacterial and antivirulence effects of ethanol extracts from Persea americana seeds obtained by the Soxhlet (SE) and maceration (MaE) methods. The UHPLC-DAD-QTOF analysis showed mainly the presence of polyphenols and neolignan. Ethanol extracts were not cytotoxic to mammalian cells (CC₅₀ > 500 µg/mL) and displayed a moderate antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IC₅₀ = 87 and 187 µg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (IC₅₀ = 144 and 159 µg/mL). Interestingly, no antibacterial activity was found against Escherichia coli. SE and MaE extracts were also able to significantly reduce the bacterial adhesion to A549 lung epithelial cells. Additionally, both extracts inhibited the biofilm growth at 24 h and facilitated the release of internal cell components in P. aeruginosa, which might be associated with cell membrane destabilization. Real-time PCR and agarose electrophoresis gel analysis indicated that avocado seed ethanol extracts (64 µg/mL) downregulated virulence-related factors such as mexT and lasA genes. Our results support the potential of bioproducts from P. americana seeds as anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm agents.     

天然水生物膜胞外多糖和胞外蛋白吸附镉的特性

研究了长春市南湖天然水环境中生物膜优势菌种胞外多糖和胞外蛋白对镉的吸附特征及其影响因素.结果表明,胞外多糖和胞外蛋白对镉的吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich热力学等温方程,胞外多糖和胞外蛋白对镉的动力学吸附特征符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程的一级反应模式.而铅的存在会影响对镉的吸附.     

SBBR工艺同步脱氮除磷处理效能研究

污水生物处理技术的处理效能是其能否得到广泛应用的主要指标之一,试验采用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR),以人工模拟污水为处理对象,在温度、有机物浓度和营养物浓度较宽的变化范围内进行了连续运行,对SBBR工艺脱氮除磷的处理效能进行了系统研究.试验结果表明:SBBR工艺处理生活污水对水质的变化具有一定的抗冲击能力,对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷和SS的平均去除率分别为87.95%、76.68%、47.87%、84.58%和89.22%,在低温运行条件下,对污水的处理也能保持一定的处理效能.SBBR工艺在小型点源污染控制和污水脱氮除磷深度处理中是一种行之有效的同步脱氮除磷工艺.     

富营养化湖泊中沉积物原位治理技术进展

回顾了各种化学、物理和生物的原位治理技术,简要介绍了一种新的生物膜合成载体.在户外实验中,富营养的沉积物促进了毒藻的生长,而新合成的生物膜载体的布设可以阻碍藻类的生长.当应用这种新的合成载体来改善富营养化湖泊水质时,沉积物中P的形态也向有利于水质改善的方向变化.     

Novel Type of Tetranitrosyl Iron Salt: Synthesis,Structure and Antibacterial Activity of Complex [FeL’2(NO)2][FeL’L”(NO)2] with L’-thiobenzamide and L”-thiosulfate

In this work a new donor of nitric oxide (NO) with antibacterial properties, namely nitrosyl iron complex of [Fe(C₆H₅C-SNH₂)₂(NO)₂][Fe(C₆H₅C-SNH₂)(S₂O₃)(NO)₂] composition (complex I), has been synthesized and studied. Complex I was produced by the reduction of the aqueous solution of [Fe₂(S₂O₃)₂(NO)₂]²⁻ dianion by the thiosulfate, with the further treatment of the mixture by the acidified alcohol solution of thiobenzamide. Based on the structural study of I (X-ray analysis, quantum chemical calculations by NBO and QTAIM methods in the frame of DFT), the data were obtained on the presence of the NO…NO interactions, which stabilize the DNIC dimer in the solid phase. The conformation properties, electronic structure and free energies of complex I hydration were studied using B3LYP functional and the set of 6–31 + G(d,p) basis functions. The effect of an aquatic surrounding was taken into account in the frame of a polarized continuous model (PCM). The NO-donating activity of complex I was studied by the amperometry method using an “amiNO-700” sensor electrode of the “inNO Nitric Oxide Measuring System”. The antibacterial activity of I was studied on gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Micrococcus luteus) bacteria. Cytotoxicity was studied using Vero cells. Complex I was found to exhibit antibacterial activity comparable to that of antibiotics, and moderate toxicity to Vero cells.     

Applications of Nanomaterials in Microbial Fuel Cells: A Review

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are an environmentally friendly technology and a source of renewable energy. It is used to generate electrical energy from organic waste using bacteria, which is an effective technology in wastewater treatment. The anode and the cathode electrodes and proton exchange membranes (PEM) are important components affecting the performance and operation of MFC. Conventional materials used in the manufacture of electrodes and membranes are insufficient to improve the efficiency of MFC. The use of nanomaterials in the manufacture of the anode had a prominent effect in improving the performance in terms of increasing the surface area, increasing the transfer of electrons from the anode to the cathode, biocompatibility, and biofilm formation and improving the oxidation reactions of organic waste using bacteria. The use of nanomaterials in the manufacture of the cathode also showed the improvement of cathode reactions or oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). The PEM has a prominent role in separating the anode and the cathode in the MFC, transferring protons from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber while preventing the transfer of oxygen. Nanomaterials have been used in the manufacture of membrane components, which led to improving the chemical and physical properties of the membranes and increasing the transfer rates of protons, thus improving the performance and efficiency of MFC in generating electrical energy and improving wastewater treatment.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对电活性生物膜性能影响及机制

为进一步探究生物电化学系统(BES)处理市政污水的效能,研究了新兴污染物邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对电活性生物膜(EAB)的影响和作用机制。采用电化学工作站、扫描电子显微镜、共聚焦激光扫描显微镜、高通量测序等方法,研究DBP质量浓度对EAB电化学活性、主要成分、微观形态、空间结构以及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:在高质量浓度DBP(10 mg/L)条件下,BES的最高输出电压和功率密度分别为0.24 V和113.34 mW/m²;较低质量浓度DBP(1 mg/L)条件下,BES的最高输出电压和功率密度分别下降33.33%和31.47%,两者均低于空白对照组。生物膜中的蛋白和多糖成分的测定结果表明,高质量浓度DBP会刺激β-多糖的分泌,并在激光共聚焦图像上表现出强烈的蓝色信号,而蛋白和α-多糖的含量没有显著变化。对不同DBP质量浓度下的EAB进行微生物群落分析的结果显示,Petrimonas和Aquamicrobium菌是高质量浓度DBP条件下的优势菌群,而DBP会降低EAB的电化学活性,在对照组的EAB中,典型的电活性菌Rhodopseudomonas和Rhod...     

蜂窝陶瓷载体生物膜工艺的除磷试验

分别采用序批式生物膜反应器（SBBR）和A／O工艺进行比较,利用蜂窝陶瓷作为生物膜载体。分别处理模拟的受严重污染的地表水．重点研究磷的去除规律及影响因素,实验结果表明：厌氧时间为2．5h,好氧时间为6h;进水COD／TP为50—60,从SBBR出水中,磷浓度小于0．5mg·L^-1,总磷去除率大于85％,而A／O工艺的除磷率不到50％．     

植物乳杆菌Y42无细胞培养上清抑制单增李斯特菌生物膜形成研究

为研究植物乳杆菌Y42无细胞培养上清对单核细胞增生李斯特菌(LM)生物膜形成的抑制作用,采用微孔酶标板刃天青显色法确定Y42上清的最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC),微孔酶标板结晶紫染色法检测Y42上清对LM生物膜形成的影响,软琼脂法测定Y42上清对LM爬行运动性的影响。结果显示Y42上清最小抑菌质量浓度为60mg/mL;当Y42上清作用质量浓度为MIC的1/32、1/16、 1/8、 1/4、 1/2时,LM的运动圈直径由81.15mm减小为78.31、 75.35、 69.51、 54.91、33.09mm,对LM生物膜形成的抑制率达到32.90%、 30.81%、 40.75%、 39.93% 、12.15%;普通光学显微镜在10×40倍放大倍数下,观察到Y42上清可显著减少LM在盖玻片上形成生物膜的量。Y42无细胞培养上清可通过抑制LM的运行性来抑制其生物膜的形成。