一体化生物膜反应器处理生活污水

根据生物脱氮原理,设计了一体化生物膜反应器,用于生活污水的处理。将反应器运行两个月,探讨了反应器对有机物和氮的去除,同时采用聚合酶链式反应与变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)方法对反应器好氧区和缺氧区微生物种类和多样性进行了分析。结果表明,该反应器通过设置好氧和缺氧两种环境,并且通过内循环回流,形成"前置式反硝化系统"可达到较好地去除有机物和氮的目的,其中水力停留时间为影响硝化作用的重要参数。在反应器的好氧区有同步硝化反硝化现象发生。     

大连驯化生物膜对水体铅吸附的研究

通过对比不同浓度铅离子存在条件下生物膜菌群的生长量,判断其对铅离子的耐受性;挑选吸附性强的菌群扩大培养,进一步作菌群驯化和铅的吸附试验;通过驯化前后吸附曲线和膜菌群的镜检观察对比,了解生物膜菌群在铅污染过程中的自净机制,为驯化生物膜处理含铅污染水体作了基础研究.     

A2/O与SCBP复合工艺除磷中试研究

研究了A2/O与悬浮填料生物膜(SCBP)中试复合工艺的除磷效率,并考察了影响因子COD/TP与DO对除磷的影响。结果表明:总磷平均去除率为82%,达到GB/T18921-2002景观用水水质要求。当硝酸盐含量急剧下降至0.20mg/L以下时,反硝化除磷菌不再以硝酸盐作为电子受体进行聚磷活动,厌氧磷释放的最佳碳磷比为60。添加纳米改性的悬浮填料后,好氧池的溶解氧为2.0mg/L时,出水TP为0.3～0.35mg/L。     

生物膜形成与发展二维动态模拟

生物膜微观结构与形态特征直接影响废水生物处理效果.混合微生物可在适宜载体表面形成各种各样的生物膜,且其形成与发展是一个动态过程.采用差分-离散复合法动态模拟二维区域上的基质传递、生物膜形成与发展过程,并探讨生物质生长时间与初始接种数等对生物膜结构与形态造成的影响.与传统生物膜模型不同之处在于其结构特性包括孔隙率、厚度和密度等都是模型输出量.     

序批式生物膜反应器脱氮除磷技术

详述了序批式生物膜（SBBR）技术的工作原理与技术特点，介绍了序式生物膜（SBBR）技术在污水生物处理中的研究与应用现状，探讨了序批式生物膜反应器（SBBR）在城市污水生物脱氮除磷中发展与应用。     

慢滤-消毒对二级出水中污染物去除及影响因素

再生水回用是解决水资源危机的重要途径,但是城市污水厂二级出水中仍含有大量的污染物,对人们的身体健康存在着潜在威胁。为保证再生水回用的安全性,本研究通过探究生物膜慢滤-次氯酸钠消毒组合工艺处理污水厂二级出水的方法研究了该工艺对水中的有机物和条件致病菌的去除效能,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果表明,相同滤速下,生物膜慢滤较慢滤对溶解性有机物的去除效果好,滤速为20 cm/h时对DOC的去除效果最佳;生物膜慢滤对富里酸类有机物、微生物副产物类有机物、腐殖酸类有机物的处理效果均比慢滤好;相同滤速下,生物膜慢滤对浊度的去除效果优于慢滤;在NaClO最佳投加量8.0 mg/L（以有效氯浓度计）的条件下,生物膜慢滤-NaClO消毒组合工艺对军团菌、铜绿假单胞菌均有较好的去除效果,且NaClO对于自由悬浮态条件致病菌的去除效果更优;另外,较低pH值和较高水温更有利于NaClO消毒对水中条件致病菌的去除。可见,生物膜慢滤-次氯酸钠消毒工艺可以有效控制二级出水中的有机物和条件致病菌等污染物,可以一定程度上保证再生水回用的安全性。     

Evaluation of bacterial detachment rates in porous media

The ability of published biomass detachment rate expressions to describe experimental data obtained from porous media reactors usingPseudomonas aeruginosa grown aerobically on glucose was evaluated. A first-order rate expression on attached biomass concentration best reflected effluent substrate concentration for combined data sets. Detachment rate coefficientk _d1 was dependent on initial substrate concentration. Simulation of porous media reactor experiments indicated that responses using higher influent substrate concentrations possessed greater sensitivity to variations ink _d1. Simulations of field bioremediation systems suggest the use of accurate biofilm development kinetics is important in the prediction of well bore biofouling.     

自来水管内壁垢层的形态结构及形成过程研究

对自来水管内壁垢层进行了观察和分析。结果表明,腐蚀瘤是微生物破坏管道内壁的主要形式。腐蚀瘤的大小及其在管壁的分布状况与管径有关。铁是构成腐蚀瘤的主要物质成分。根据形态结构和物质组成分析了腐蚀瘤的形成过程。     

Probing the modifications of polystyrene surface properties after incubation with the Shewanella putrefaciens bacteria at two pH values (4, 10) by atomic force microscopy

The local surface properties of polystyrene (PS) dishes incubated for 14 h with gram‐negative cells (Shewanella putrefaciens) were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in aqueous solutions at two pH values (4 and 10). The AFM images and force curves revealed the presence of a polymeric layer adsorbed onto the PS surfaces in acid media. In contrast, no evolution was observed in the case of basic media. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antimicrobial activity of spices essential oils and its effectiveness on mature biofilms of human pathogens

Abstract

The antibacterial activity of Pimpinella anisum L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Syzygium aromaticum, and Cuminum cyminum L. essential oils (EOs) against some common pathogenic microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 1915, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 10005, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231) and their biofilms was studied. The EOs inhibitory effects were evaluated by both Agar Well Diffusion assay and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination. The most active EOs, cinnamon and cloves, were also tested on 18, 24, 48, 72?hours mature biofilms. Cinnamon and cloves exhibited the best results showing a significant activity against all the tested bacteria. Concerning biofilm, results suggest that Cinnamomum zeylanicum oil may be a useful approach to impair the biofilm produced by the tested Gram-negative bacteria.