一种异养生物膜密度分布的分形特征

正常生长的异养生物膜密度D随生物膜厚度d增加而变化,D与d之间具有双自然对数拟和关系,可以lnd=DflnD lnm或d=m·D-Df来表示;d=m·D-Df表征了异养生物膜密度的空间变化具有分形特征,其分维数可用豪斯道夫维数表示,豪斯道夫维数Df值的变化反映了生物膜的密度分布特征及生物膜系统演化特征.     

银离子-热力复合冲击消毒对生活热水管壁生物膜的控制作用

针对建筑生活热水的生物安全性问题,对比研究了银离子、热力以及银离子-热力复合冲击消毒技术对生活热水管壁生物膜微生物的灭活效能.结果表明,银离子浓度和热水温度对管壁生物膜的细菌总数和总大肠菌群灭活效果影响显著,银离子浓度和热水温度越高,管壁生物膜的微生物灭活效果越好.银离子-热力复合消毒对管壁生物膜微生物灭活效果显著好于单一的银离子消毒或热力消毒;60℃热水、0.05 mg/L银离子、消毒60 min条件下的复合冲击消毒效果已接近单一的70℃热力冲击消毒效果,消毒后生物膜变薄或脱落,生物膜结构破坏明显.银离子-热复合冲击消毒显著,提高了建筑生活热水管壁生物膜微生物灭活效果,更高效地杀灭了病原微生物,是一种有应用价值的生活热水安全消毒和水质保障技术.      

多株吡啶高效降解菌的降解性能与生物膜形成特性的研究

以吡啶为目标污染物, 考察从焦化废水处理系统中分离的 12 株高效吡啶降解菌对吡啶的降解性能和生物膜形成特性, 以期为在废水处理系统中构建降解型生物膜提供理论参考。结果表明: 12株菌都具有较高的吡啶降解活性, 其中代表性菌株Pseudomonas sp. ZX01和Arthrobacter sp. ZX07降解吡啶的最适温度是35oC, 最适pH是7.0, 在初始吡啶浓度为100~2000 mg/L的范围内, 降解率均达到100%。不同菌株的生物膜形成能力差异明显, 胞外蛋白分泌量、胞外多糖分泌量和由鞭毛参与的游动能力与各株菌的生物膜形成能力之间存在显著的正相关关系。     

The Role of Biofilm Growth in Bacteria-Facilitated Contaminant Transport in Porous Media

Groundwater contaminants adhered to colloid surfaces may migrate to greater distances than predicted by using the conventional advective-dispersive transport equation. Introduction of exogenous bacteria in a bioremediation operation or mobilization of indigenous bacteria in groundwater aquifers can enhance the transport of contaminants in groundwater by reducing the retardation effects. Because of their colloidal size and favorable surface conditions, bacteria can be efficient contaminant carriers. In cases where contaminants have low mobility because of their high partition with aquifer solids, facilitated contaminant transport by mobile bacteria can create high contaminant fluxes. In this paper, we developed a methodology to describe the bacteria-facilitated contaminant transport in a subsurface environment using the biofilm theory. The model is based on mass balance equations for bacteria and contaminant. The contaminant is utilized as a substrate for bacterial growth. Bacteria are attached to solid surfaces as a biofilm. We investigate the role of the contaminant adsorption on both biofilm and mobile bacteria on groundwater contaminant transport. Also, the effect of bacterial injection on the contaminant transport is evaluated in the presence of indigenous bacteria in porous media. The model was solved numerically and validated by experimental data reported in the literature. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to deduce the effect of critical model parameters. Results show that biofilm grows rapidly near the top of the column where the bacteria and contaminant are injected, and is detached by increasing fluid shear stress and re-attach downstream. The adsorption of contaminant on bacterial surfaces reduces contaminant mobility remarkably in the presence of a biofilm. The contaminant concentration decreases significantly along the biofilm when contaminant partition into bacteria. Bacterial injection and migration in subsurface environments can be important in bioremediation operations regardless of the presence of indigenous bacteria.     

Native biofilm cultured under controllable condition and used in mediated method for BOD measurement

In this article, we developed a native biofilm (NBF) bioreactor used for biochemical oxygen demand mediated method (BOD_Med). There were two innovations differed from previous BOD_Med assay. Firstly, the immobilization of microorganisms was adopted in BOD_Med. Secondly, the NBF was introduced for BOD measurement. The NBF bioreactor has been characterized by optical microscopy. A culture condition of NBF with 24 h, 35 °C and pH 7 was optimized. Furthermore, a measuring condition with 35 °C, pH 7 and 55 mM ferricyanide in 1 h incubation were optimized. Based on the optimized condition, the real wastewater samples from local sewage treatment plant had been measured. Performances of the NBFs proposed at different culture conditions were recorded for 110 d, and the results indicated that long-term storage stability was obtained. With the proposed method, an uncontaminated native microbial source solution can be obtained from a wastewater treatment plant. In this way, we can ensure that the microbial species of all in the NBF are same as that in the target to be measured.     

On the well‐posedness of a mathematical model of quorum‐sensing in patchy biofilm communities

We analyze a system of reaction–diffusion equations that models quorum‐sensing in a growing biofilm. The model comprises two nonlinear diffusion effects: a porous medium‐type degeneracy and super diffusion. We prove the well‐posedness of the model. In particular, we present for the first time a uniqueness result for this type of problem. Moreover, we illustrate the behavior of model solutions in numerical simulations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陶粒载体序批式生物膜反应器及其氧传递系数测定

介绍了一种新型的生物膜反应器 :以陶粒为载体的序批式生物膜反应器 .并求出了在设定的工艺条件下的氧传递系数 .结果表明 :本反应器有较强的氧传递输送能力 ,能满足微生物的有机物代谢和降解有机污染物的需要     

溶解有机质对光照自然水体生物膜体系中H2O2生成的影响

通过模拟实验研究了生物膜胞外聚合物(EPS)和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA) 2种典型溶解有机质(DOM)成分对自然水体生物膜体系中过氧化氢(H₂O₂)生成特征的影响, 并研究了体系初始pH值、 DOM浓度、 溶解氧(DO)等因素的影响. 结果表明, DOM的存在对自然水体生物膜体系中H₂O₂的生成有明显影响. 光照能促使EPS产生H₂O₂, 而EPS的存在对生物膜产生H₂O₂的直接影响不显著, EPS与生物膜共存体系中的H₂O₂由二者共同产生; EDTA本身不产生H₂O₂, 且对H₂O₂分解影响很小, 但会显著抑制生物膜产生H₂O₂, 且浓度越高抑制作用越明显. 体系pH值、 DOM浓度和DO均能不同程度影响EPS产生H₂O₂及EDTA抑制生物膜产生H₂O₂的作用.     

Positively Charged Nanoaggregates Based on Zwitterionic Pillar[5]arene that Combat Planktonic Bacteria and Disrupt Biofilms

Bacterial biofilms are difficult to eradicate because they are less susceptible to antibiotics and more easily develop resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new materials that can combat planktonic bacteria and disrupt established biofilms. To tackle this challenge, we design a multifunctional zwitterionic pillar[5]arene, which can self‐assemble into weakly positively charged nanoaggregates that exhibit antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli (DH5α) and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus (SH1000) bacterial strains in solution. In addition, the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene can efficiently disrupt pre‐existing Escherichia coli (DH5α) biofilms and kill the biofilm‐enclosed bacteria without rapid generation of resistance.