生物膜形成与发展二维动态模拟

生物膜微观结构与形态特征直接影响废水生物处理效果。混合微生物可在适宜载体表面形成各种各样的生物膜，且其形成与发展是一个动态过程。采用差分-离散复合法动态模拟二维区域上的基质传递、生物膜形成与发展过程，并探讨生物质生长时间与初始接种数等对生物膜结构与形态造成的影响。与传统生物膜模型不同之处在于其结构特性包括孔隙率、厚度和密度等都是模型输出量。     

Treatment of coke plant wastewater by A/O fixed biofilm system

The long-term environmental impacts of wastewa-ter from coke plant can be very high, especially due to the discharge of large amounts of wastewater. The composition of coke plant wastewater is complicated and varies from one factory to another, depending …     

High-productivity continuous biofilm reactor for butanol production

Corn steep liquor (CSL), a byproduct of the corn wet-milling process, was used in an immobilized cell continuous biofilm reactor to replace the expensive P2 medium ingredients. The use of CSL resulted in the production of 6.29 g/L of total acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) as compared with 6.86 g/L in a control experiment. These studies were performed at a dilution rate of 0.32 h⁻¹. The productivities in the control and CSL experiment were 2.19 and 2.01 g/(L·h), respectively. Although the use of CSL resulted in a 10% decrease in productivity, it is viewed that its application would be economical compared to P2 medium. Hence, CSL may be used to replace the P2 medium. It was also demonstrated that inclusion of butyrate into the feed was beneficial to the butanol fermentation. A control experiment produced 4.77 g/L of total ABE, and the experiment with supplemented sodium butyrate produced 5.70 g/L of total ABE. The butanol concentration increased from 3.14 to 4.04 g/L. Inclusion of acetate in the feed medium of the immobilized cell biofilm reactor was not found to be beneficial for the ABE fermentation, as reported for the batch ABE fermentation. Names are necessary to report factually on available data. However, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the names by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.     

生物浮动床处理电厂厂区生活污水

利用"生物浮动床-过滤-臭氧杀菌"技术处理电厂厂区生活污水,耐有机负荷冲击和水力冲击的能力强,对CODcr、氨氮、总磷有较好的去除效果.CODcr总去除率最高可达到95%,出水CODcr稳定在10～30 mg/L;总磷去除率达到50%以上,出水总磷质量浓度低于0.5mg/L;对NH3-N的去除率基本可以稳定在80%以上;浊度消减率可达到84%,细菌杀灭率大于99.9%,出水细菌浓度小于1/L.     

碳纤维表面特性对反硝化菌固着化的影响

通过对比反硝化菌在不同基体碳纤维表面的固着化及碳纤维表面含氧官能团对菌种的固着化实验,研究了碳纤维(基体、比表面积、循环利用性等)特性,尤其表面含氧官能团对反硝化菌固着化的影响。实验结果表明,反硝化菌在PAN基碳纤维上的平均挂膜厚度明显高于沥青基和粘胶基碳纤维。碳纤维表面适量的含氧官能团有助于较多、较牢固地固着反硝化菌。对三种PAN基碳纤维的XPS谱图分析表明碳纤维表面含氧官能团—O—CO对反硝化菌的固着化影响较大,当碳纤维表面含氧官能团—O—CO中碳原子占表面碳原子总量的3%左右时反硝化菌固着化效果较佳。经过比较表明PAN基碳纤维是一种生物相容性好、固着化程度高、再生能力强、耐微生物分解及化学腐蚀的优异的新型反硝化菌固着化载体。     

用IAL-CHS反应器降解2,4-DCP和处理啤酒废水的比较

利用IAL-CHS反应器分别吸附单一的微生物Achromobactersp.来降解2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)和吸附复合微生物菌群来处理啤酒废水.通过比较试验表明,单一的微生物和复合微生物菌群均能很容易地在蜂窝陶瓷载体的表面上形成生物膜,并表现出较高的生物活性.在连续降解2,4-DCP时,反应器稳定运行之后,2,4-DCP的去除率达到98％.连续流处理啤酒废水时,在水力停留时间为7h条件下,随着进水的COD浓度逐渐增加,其COD去除率达到95.5％.有机物负荷也逐渐增高,达到3.52kgCOD／(m3·d).     

河流表层沉积物界面性质的研究

运用表面络合模式和原理，研究了黄河表层沉积物的界面特征，确定了零电点、电荷密度、表面吸附位和表面固有常数，用原子吸收分光光度法测定了天然水环境生物膜对铜和镉的吸附作用。     

Chemical Composition of Natural Hydrolates and Their Antimicrobial Activity on Arcobacter-Like Cells in Comparison with Other Microorganisms

Hydrolates obtained via the hydrodistillation and steam distillation of Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Syzygium aromaticum L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., and Laurus nobilis L. were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, the hydrolates were evaluated for antimicrobial activity (disk-diffusion and microdilution method), influence on biofilm formation (Christensen method) and cytotoxicity of concentrated hydrolates against human cell lines (A549) by xCELLigence system. Using chemical analysis, 48, 9, 13 and 33 different components were detected in lavender, clove, fennel and laurel hydrolates, respectively. Lavender hydrolate contained the largest proportion of 1,8-cineol, linalool furanoxide, and linalool. The main components of laurel hydrolate were 1,8-cineol, 4-terpineol and α-terpineol. Fenchone and estragole were the most abundant in fennel hydrolate, and eugenol and eugenyl acetate in clove hydrolate. Concentrated hydrolates showed significant antimicrobial activity. Clove hydrolate was among the most antimicrobially active agents, most preferably against C. albicans, with an inhibition zone up to 23.5 mm. Moreover, concentrated hydrolates did not show any cytotoxic effect again8 st human A549 cells. In the presence of the non-concentrated hydrolates, significantly reduced biofilm formation was observed; however, with concentrated clove hydrolate, there was an increase in biofilm formation, e.g., of A. thereius, A. lanthieri, and A. butzleri. Research shows new findings about hydrolates that may be important in natural medicine or for preservation purposes.     

基于高通量测序技术的阳极生物膜群落结构

利用高通量测序技术对阳极生物膜的微生物群落结构进行了分析.实验结果表明,高通量测序能够高效地获取电化学生物膜的群落结构信息,产电模式菌Geobacter属在生物膜中占据着优势地位,其数量比例达到30%左右,其次的主要菌属为Thermovirga,Thauera和Syntrophorhabdus.对比电化学活性丧失前后的生物膜发现,虽然Geobacter菌属在丧失了电化学活性的生物膜中仍然占据统治地位,但是放线菌门的细菌增长显著,其数量比例远高于正常阳极生物膜的0.5%,有可能是抑制生物膜电化学活性的因素之一.     

Lemon Oils Attenuate the Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Quorum Sensing Inhibition

The chemical composition of three Citrus limon oils: lemon essential oil (LEO), lemon terpenes (LT) and lemon essence (LE), and their influence in the virulence factors production and motility (swarming and swimming) of two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (ATCC 27853 and a multidrug-resistant HT5) were investigated. The main compound, limonene, was also tested in biological assays. Eighty-four compounds, accounting for a relative peak area of 99.23%, 98.58% and 99.64%, were identified by GC/MS. Limonene (59–60%), γ-terpinene (10–11%) and β-pinene (7–15%) were the main compounds. All lemon oils inhibited specific biofilm production and bacterial metabolic activities into biofilm in a dose-dependent manner (20–65%, in the range of 0.1–4 mg mL⁻¹) of both strains. Besides, all samples inhibited about 50% of the elastase activity at 0.1 mg mL⁻¹. Pyocyanin biosynthesis decreases until 64% (0.1–4 mg mL⁻¹) for both strains. Swarming motility of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was completely inhibited by 2 mg mL⁻¹ of lemon oils. Furthermore, a decrease (29–55%, 0.1–4 mg mL⁻¹) in the synthesis of Quorum sensing (QS) signals was observed. The oils showed higher biological activities than limonene. Hence, their ability to control the biofilm of P. aeruginosa and reduce the production of virulence factors regulated by QS makes lemon oils good candidates to be applied as preservatives in the food processing industry.