焦化废水中几种含氮杂环化合物缺氧降解机理

对焦化废水 几种主要的含氮杂环有机物（吡啶,吲哚,喹啉,异喹啉,2－甲基喹啉）在缺氧条件下的降解试验研究结果表明,几种受试物质在缺氧条件下均可降解,其中吡啶的降解速度远大于其余四种物质,有机物定量结构－生物降解性关系（QSBR）研究表明缺氧条件下上述物质的反硝化速率常数与分子连接性指数1X之间有较好的相关性。     

两种基本方法测定阳离子染料可生化性

采用BOD5／CODCr法和静置烧瓶筛选实验两种较简单易行且数据重复性强的方法对6大类19种常用阳离子染料的生物降解性能进行测试，并对两种方法的实验结果和原因进行了分析比较，为进一步研究染料的降解性能提供参考。结果表明大多数阳离子染料是容易被生物所降解的。     

阻垢剂聚环氧琥珀酸生物降解性能研究

研究了聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)生物降解性能及影响生物降解的因素.影响生物降解的因素有:营养盐的氮磷比例,聚环氧琥珀酸的浓度,降解时间,降解温度,溶解氧等.当C∶N∶P为100∶20∶1时,聚环氧琥珀酸浓度为5 mg.L-1,温度为20℃,溶解氧足量,聚环氧琥珀酸28 d的降解率为73.7%.对照OECD301B标准,聚环氧琥珀酸属于易生物降解物质.     

Synthesis and degradabilities of polyesters from 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitols and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids

Six different polyesters ( 6a–6c and 7a–7c ) were prepared by the bulk polycondensations of the respective combinations of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol ( 3 ) and 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol ( 4 ) with succinyl dichloride ( 5a ), glutaryl dichloride ( 5b ), and adipoyl dichloride ( 5c ) at 140–180°C. Polyesters having number average molecular weights up to 2.6 ×10⁴ were obtained in high yields. Only polyester 7a based on 4 and 5a was partially crystalline, whereas all the other polyesters were amorphous. Thin films of these polyesters except that of 7a were spontancously hydrolyzed in a neutral phosphate buffer solution at 50°C, whereas they were reluctant to be hydrolyzed at 27°C. The polyesters were more or less degraded at 27°C by treatment with an activated sludge or by prolonged burial in soil. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

脂肪族聚酯及共聚酯的生物降解性研究

以酯交换法或直接缩聚法合成了一系列脂肪族聚酯，经二异氰酸酯(HDI)扩链得到含氨酯键的聚酯及共聚酯，用DSC、X射线衍射等分析表征了聚酯及共聚物的结构和性能。用土埋试验、CO2释放试验和黑曲霉降解试验着重研究了这些聚合物的生物降解性，详细讨论了聚酯结构、组成及聚酯分子量对生物降解性的影响。     

焦化废水光催化降解研究

在0.5h和300W高压汞灯紫外光处理条件下,采用TiO2,ZnO和TiO2＋ZnO不同催化剂组合,研究了紫外光催化处理对高浓度焦化废水中CODcr及氨氮去除率的影响。结果表明TiO2是焦化废水中CODcr光降解处理的最佳催化剂;TiO2紫外光能够有效地降低高浓度废水中的CODcr,但对其中氨氮的去除较差。考虑到经济可行性和焦化废水光降解处理的工程实用性,进一步研究了典型焦化厂生化处理站进、出废水按照1L/min处理量施加TiO2紫外光照处理的效果和对废水可生化性的影响,结果表明,短时间的TiO2紫外光照处理焦化废水对降低焦化废水进、出水CODcr和NH3-N的作用十分有限,但可以显著地增加焦化废水进、出水的可生化性。因此该方法可作为焦化废水生化处理站进水预处理和出水深度处理的一项技术。     

Characterizing biodegradation of PLA and PLA-g-AA/starch films using a phosphate-solubilizing bacillus species

The use of PLA and PLA-g-AA/starch as materials for the controlled release of encapsulated PSB was evaluated. The results showed that the bacterium degraded both the PLA and the PLA-g-AA/starch composite films, resulting in cell release. Severe disruption of the film structure occurred after incubation for 60-90 d. The PLA-g-AA/starch (20 wt.-%) films were more biodegradable than those made of PLA and also suffered a more pronounced decrease in molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity. Although blending of starch appeared to enhance the biodegradability of the PLA films, the pattern of degradation was quite similar for both types of films. The rate of cell release depends on the biodegradability of the film.     

变压器植物、矿物绝缘油的微生物降解机制及差异

采用《快速生物降解性:密闭瓶法实验》的方法,研究了菜籽植物绝缘油(RDB)、FR_3变压器绝缘油(FR_3)和25~#变压器绝缘油的微生物降解性能。实验结果表明:RDB、FR_3和25~#变压器绝缘油的微生物降解率分别为98.87%、99.57%和37.73%。根据《新化学物质危害评估导则》(HJ/T 154—2004),说明RDB和FR3属于易生物降解的化学物质,而25#变压器绝缘油属于难生物降解的化学物质。造成植物绝缘油与矿物绝缘油降解差异主要是因为构成物质的种类不同、不饱和化学键的含量不同。而植物绝缘油之间的降解差异研究甚少,笔者从水解动力学的角度,揭示不同植物绝缘油降解差异性的机制。     

基于天然聚多糖的环境友好材料（II）-麻纤维和芦苇纤维多元醇的生物降解聚氨酯

以麻纤维和芦苇纤维制备的植物多元醇为原料,合成具有良好性能的生物降解 性硬质聚氨酯泡沫体,其密度40 kg/m~3左右,压缩强度150 kPa,弹性模量4 MPa 。而且多元醇中植物原料含量越大,其性能越好,这使植物原料的充分利用和材料 生产成本的降低成为可能。土壤掩埋实验表明,泡沫体有很好的土壤微生物降解性 。     

热塑性淀粉的制备及其结构与性能

热塑性淀粉的制备及其结构与性能;流变性能;生物降解