水稻秸秆-猪粪生物炭对黑麦草修复铀污染土壤的影响与机制

以水稻秸秆和猪粪为材料,采用限氧控温法在400℃下制备生物炭,并分析其理化性质。通过盆栽实验,考察了不同配比的生物炭对黑麦草富集铀的影响及铀胁迫下黑麦草的生理生化响应规律。实验结果表明,混合生物炭的碱性随水稻秸秆含量的增加而增强,而生物炭的灰分随水稻秸秆含量的增加而减少。混合生物炭对黑麦草富集铀和转运铀的效果有较显著的提高,根部的铀富集效果明显优于茎叶部。水稻秸秆与猪粪质量配比为1∶1的混合生物炭效果最好,在土壤铀质量浓度为5mg/kg时,黑麦草对铀的富集量达746.79 mg/kg,比未施加生物炭的黑麦草提高了47.61%。施加混合生物炭后,黑麦草体内的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量明显减少,可溶性蛋白和光合色素含量增加,说明混合生物炭能有效缓解铀胁迫下黑麦草的逆境伤害程度和重金属迫害性,对植物生长及铀的富集有良好的促进作用。     

Evaluating the Removal of the Antibiotic Cephalexin from Aqueous Solutions Using an Adsorbent Obtained from Palm Oil Fiber

This study aimed to understand the adsorption process of cephalexin (CPX) from aqueous solution by a biochar produced from the fiber residue of palm oil. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Boehm titration, and the point of zero charge were used to characterize the morphology and surface functional groups of the adsorbent. Batch tests were carried out to evaluate the effects of the solution pH, temperature, and antibiotic structure. The adsorption behavior followed the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model with a maximum CPX adsorption capacity of 57.47 mg g⁻¹. Tests on the thermodynamic behavior suggested that chemisorption occurs with an activation energy of 91.6 kJ mol⁻¹ through a spontaneous endothermic process. Electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding represent the most likely adsorption mechanisms, although π–π interactions also appear to contribute. Finally, the CPX removal efficiency of the adsorbent was evaluated for synthetic matrices of municipal wastewater and urine. Promising results were obtained, indicating that this adsorbent can potentially be applied to purifying wastewater that contains trace antibiotics.     

Biochar/sodium alginate mixed matrix membrane as adsorbent for in-syringe solid-phase extraction towards trace nitroimidazoles in water samples prior to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis

In the present work, the herb (Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf) residue, as an environmentally friendly and renewable biomass source, was converted into novel biochar. Biochar/sodium alginate mixed matrix membrane was fabricated. On this basis, a biochar/sodium alginate mixed matrix membrane-based in-syringe solid-phase extraction was developed combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine nitroimidazoles in water samples. The factors including times of exaction, type, and volume of elution solvent, and sample solution pH were thoroughly optimized. Then the correlation coefficient was 0.9995–0.9997. The limit of detection of four analytes was between 0.006 and 0.014 ng/mL, and the recovery was between 79.02% and 99.1%. Consequently, the established method would provide a new perspective on monitoring nitroimidazoles in water samples.     

木质纤维素基生物炭对葡萄糖厌氧消化性能的影响及机理研究

生物炭是提高厌氧消化性能的有效添加剂,由于生物炭性质的多样性和厌氧体系的复杂性,生物炭对厌氧消化的促进机理尚未得到全面认识。以生物质纯组分——纤维素、半纤维素和木质素为原料,分别采用水热法和热解法制备了生物炭,考察了生物炭对葡萄糖厌氧消化的影响,并从微生物分析、官能团组成和电导率等方面探究了其作用机理。结果表明：与对照组相比,生物炭的添加能加快葡萄糖厌氧消化速率,提高消化效率;相较于纤维素和半纤维素,以木质素为原料制备的生物炭的效果更好;以木质素为原料制备的水热炭和热解炭均能在一定程度上富集互养型发酵细菌,这可能有助于促进直接种间电子转移(DIET)机制的建立,从而提高产甲烷速率;生物炭丰富的表面含氧官能团和较大的电导率可能是其强化厌氧消化效果的关键特性;通过变异性分析发现,相较于制备方法,累积产甲烷量对生物炭原料的依赖性更大。     

A Review on Current Status of Biochar Uses in Agriculture

In a time when climate change increases desertification and drought globally, novel and effective solutions are required in order to continue food production for the world’s increasing population. Synthetic fertilizers have been long used to improve the productivity of agricultural soils, part of which leaches into the environment and emits greenhouse gasses (GHG). Some fundamental challenges within agricultural practices include the improvement of water retention and microbiota in soils, as well as boosting the efficiency of fertilizers. Biochar is a nutrient rich material produced from biomass, gaining attention for soil amendment purposes, improving crop yields as well as for carbon sequestration. This study summarizes the potential benefits of biochar applications, placing emphasis on its application in the agricultural sector. It seems biochar used for soil amendment improves nutrient density of soils, water holding capacity, reduces fertilizer requirements, enhances soil microbiota, and increases crop yields. Additionally, biochar usage has many environmental benefits, economic benefits, and a potential role to play in carbon credit systems. Biochar (also known as biocarbon) may hold the answer to these fundamental requirements.     

Preparation of Bamboo-Based Hierarchical Porous Carbon Modulated by FeCl3 towards Efficient Copper Adsorption

Using bamboo powder biochar as raw material, high-quality meso/microporous controlled hierarchical porous carbon was prepared—through the catalysis of Fe³⁺ ions loading, in addition to a chemical activation method—and then used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution. The preparation process mainly included two steps: load-alkali leaching and chemical activation. The porosity characteristics (specific surface area and mesopore ratio) were controlled by changing the K₂CO₃ impregnation ratio, activation temperature, and Fe³⁺ ions loading during the activation process. Additionally, three FBPC samples with different pore structures and characteristics were studied for copper adsorption. The results indicate that the adsorption performance of the bamboo powder biochar FBPC material was greatly affected by the meso/micropore ratio. FBPC _2.5-900-2%, impregnated at a K₂CO₃: biochar ratio of 2.5 and a Fe³⁺: biochar mass ratio of 2%, and activated at 900 °C for 2 h in N₂ atmosphere, has a very high specific surface area of 1996 m² g⁻¹ with a 58.1% mesoporous ratio. Moreover, it exhibits an excellent adsorption capacity of 256 mg g⁻¹ and rapid adsorption kinetics for copper ions. The experimental results show that it is feasible to control the hierarchical pore structure of bamboo biochar-derived carbons as a high-performance adsorbent to remove copper ions from water.     

改性椰壳生物炭对甲基橙的吸附效果与机制

本文以椰壳为原料制备椰壳生物炭,并用于甲基橙（MO）的吸附。通过扫描电镜 （SEM）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、氮吸附（BET）、元素分析（EA）等对椰壳生物炭物化性质进行了表征,分析了活化剂种类、浸渍比、热解温度和热解时间等因素对 MO 吸附效果的影响。结果表明活化剂为KOH,浸渍比为 3:1,热解温度是700 ℃,热解时间270 min,制备的生物炭K3CBc700270比表面积为126 1.93 m2?g-1,平均孔径1.10 nm,具有优异的甲基橙去除效果,当甲基橙浓度为100 mg?L-1,添加量为5 mg,吸附时间270 min,MO去除达到95.31 %。研究吸附机制发现吸附等温线数据拟合符合Langmuir 模型,吸附动力学数据拟合符合拟二级动力学模型,说明吸附以化学单层吸附为主,物理吸附为辅。结果证明椰壳生物炭K3CBc700270具有开发为去除水染料污染物吸附剂的潜力。     

炭化温度对沙蒿生物炭K、Ca、Mg含量和pH值的影响

 以沙蒿(Artemisia arenaria)为材料,通过无氧炭化法制取生物炭,研究炭化温度对沙蒿生物炭全K、全Ca、全Mg 元素含量及富集效应和pH 值的影响。结果表明,生物炭中K、Ca、Mg 元素含量均随着炭化温度的升高而升高,K 含量的升高幅度最大,K、Ca、Mg 元素含量在900℃较300℃分别提高了52.47%、25.76%和86.32%,元素含量的提高与沙蒿生物质中可挥发和分解的组分在不同的炭化温度下逐渐去除有关;升温炭化过程中对K、Ca、Mg 等元素均得到了不同程度的富集(相对富集系数RE>1),低温有利于K 元素和Ca 元素的富集,中温有利于Mg 元素的富集,K、Ca、Mg 等元素的RE 值分别在300、300、500℃时取得最大值,分别为1.17、1.15 和1.22;pH 值随炭化温度的升高而增大,生物炭的碱性与K、Ca、Mg 元素的富集及生物炭表面含氧官能团的种类和数量均有关,与生物炭表面的总碱性官能团有较好的相关性(相关系数为0.8665)。     

草酸改性空气凤梨生物炭吸附甲醛的机理研究

探究草酸改性园林废弃物类生物炭对溶液中甲醛的吸附效率和固定的机理,为园林废弃物类生物炭在甲醛污染控制方面的应用提供科学依据.利用马弗炉在低氧条件下将空气凤梨原材料和草酸改性后的原材料制备成生物炭.然后利用实验室模拟法,研究不同反应时间、甲醛浓度、pH对生物炭吸附效果的影响,并分析草酸改性如何提高园林废弃物类生物炭对甲醛...     

稻秆生物炭对水体Pb2+的吸附特性及机制定量化

本文采用吸附等温线和动力学等方法阐明了稻秆生物炭对水体Pb₂₊^的吸附特性,并通过元素分析、BET-N₂、Zeta电位、SEM-EDS、FT-IR、XRD和XPS等分析手段,结合机制贡献比例计算方法,定性和定量地揭示了生物炭吸附机制。结果表明,在三种不同吸附温度20℃、30℃和40℃下,生物炭对Pb₂₊^{的最大吸附量}分别为233.48 mg.g_-1^、236.00 mg.g_-1^和237.50 mg.g_-1^,均符合Langmuir模型(R₂^>0.96),属于单分子层吸附;当初始Pb₂₊^浓度为50、100和300 mg?L_-1^时,生物炭吸附平衡时间分别为30 min、90 min和360 min,均符合准二级动力学模型(R₂^>0.95),以化学吸附为主。生物炭对Pb₂₊^吸附机制主要包括化学沉淀、离子交换、官能团络合和Cπ电子配位等4种作用,其中化学沉淀产物可能以Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂和PbCO₃为主,贡献比例为47.15%-50.81%,离子交换主要以Ca₂₊^和Mg₂₊^为主,贡献比例为32.82%-37.77%,这两者共同贡献比例范围为83.63%～84.92%,其余2种吸附机制共同占比15.03%～16.37%。生物炭对Pb₂₊^{具有优良的吸附能力},可作为水体中重金属的优势吸附材料之一。