Control of wettability of hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films by laser-assisted micro- and nanostructuring

A flexible and rapid surface functionalization of amorphous carbon films shows a great potential for various application fields such as biological surfaces and tribological systems. For this purpose, the combination of thin film deposition and subsequent laser material processing was investigated. Amorphous carbon layers doped with hydrogen were deposited on silicon wafers by reactive direct-current magnetron sputtering. Films with three different hydrogen contents were synthesized. Subsequent to the thin film deposition process, UV laser material processing at wavelengths of 193 nm or 248 nm was performed with respect to chemical surface modification and surface structuring on micro- and nanometer scale. Depending on structure size and laser-induced chemical surface modification the adjustment of the surface energy and wetting behaviour in a broad range from hydrophobic to hydrophilic was possible. The chemical modification and the ablation mechanisms near the ablation threshold were strongly influenced by the hydrogen content in amorphous carbon thin films.Structural and chemical information of the as-deposited and modified films was obtained by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements.     

Physical mechanism of silicon ablation with long nanosecond laser pulses at 1064 nm through time-resolved observation

Nanosecond (ns) laser ablation can provide a competitive solution for silicon micromachining in many applications. However, most of the previous studies focus on ns lasers at visible or ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. The research is very limited for ns lasers at infrared (e.g., 1064 nm) wavelengths (which often have the advantage of much lower cost per unit average output power), and the research is even less if the ns laser also has a long pulse duration on the order of ∼100 ns. In this paper, time-resolved observation using an ICCD (intensified charge-coupled device) camera has been performed to understand the physical mechanism of silicon ablation by 200-ns and 1064-nm laser pulses. This kind of work has been rarely reported in the literature. The research shows that for the studied conditions, material removal in laser silicon ablation is realized through surface vaporization followed by liquid ejection that occurs at a delay time of around 200-300 ns. The propagation speed is on the order of ∼1000 m/s for laser-induced plasma (ionized vapor) front, while it is on the order of ∼100 m/s or smaller for the front of ejected liquid. It has also been found that the liquid ejection is very unlikely due to phase explosion, and its exact underlying physical mechanism requires further investigations.     

激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定植物样品中的元素

采用193 nm准分子激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)对标准植物粉末样品(GBW07602-GBW07603灌木枝叶、GBW07604杨树叶、GBW07605茶叶、GBW08514烟草)中13种元素(Li,B,Na,Mg,Al,K,Ca,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Ba)进行定量测试.向植物粉末样...     

Applications of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in materials science

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) have been applied as the most important inorganic mass spectrometric techniques having multielemental capability for the characterization of solid samples in materials science. ICP-MS is used for the sensitive determination of trace and ultratrace elements in digested solutions of solid samples or of process chemicals (ultrapure water, acids and organic solutions) for the semiconductor industry with detection limits down to sub-picogram per liter levels. Whereas ICP-MS on solid samples (e.g. high-purity ceramics) sometimes requires time-consuming sample preparation for its application in materials science, and the risk of contamination is a serious drawback, a fast, direct determination of trace elements in solid materials without any sample preparation by LA-ICP-MS is possible. The detection limits for the direct analysis of solid samples by LA-ICP-MS have been determined for many elements down to the nanogram per gram range. A deterioration of detection limits was observed for elements where interferences with polyatomic ions occur. The inherent interference problem can often be solved by applying a double-focusing sector field mass spectrometer at higher mass resolution or by collision-induced reactions of polyatomic ions with a collision gas using an ICP-MS fitted with collision cell. The main problem of LA-ICP-MS is quantification if no suitable standard reference materials with a similar matrix composition are available. The calibration problem in LA-ICP-MS can be solved using on-line solution-based calibration, and different procedures, such as external calibration and standard addition, have been discussed with respect to their application in materials science. The application of isotope dilution in solution-based calibration for trace metal determination in small amounts of noble metals has been developed as a new calibration strategy. This review discusses new analytical developments and possible applications of ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS for the quantitative determination of trace elements and in surface analysis for materials science.     

考虑偏好序且权重未知的群双边匹配决策

考虑匹配主体是群且成员权重未知,提出一种基于偏好序信息的群双边匹配决策方法.先给出群双边匹配、综合满意度等概念.使用极大极小离差法求出主体群的成员权重,并通过OWA算子进行集结、生成一方主体群对另一方主体群的综合满意度.以最大化双方主体群的综合满意度之和为目标,建立0~1单目标优化模型并对模型解法进行拓展,求解模型获得最优匹配方案.最后通过实例说明该方法的简单、有效性.     

双面槽线色散特性的变分分析

运用镜像法简化了偶模激励双面槽线的分析模型，基于平面传输线传播常数满足的稳定的变分公式，给出了仅以槽口切向电场为变量的传播常数满足的变分公式。该公式计算速度快，计算结果与谱域法计算结果吻合较好。     

Calibration for Elemental Dental Tissue Analysis by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Teeth retain different elements at particular stages of life. Hence, the exposure over a selected time span may be characterized by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). A Nd:YAG laser with emission at 266?nm was coupled to a quadrupole ICP-MS for the quantitative study of historical human teeth for Sr and Ba, elements of anthropological significance. A calibration approach incorporating the experimentally derived k coefficient is reported. The coefficients were established based on the mean concentrations of the analytes determined by pneumatic nebulization ICP-MS using acid-digested calcium phosphate standards and the intensities recorded during laser ablation of corresponding standards as pellets. The k values were 0.54?±?0.05 (µg?g^?1)^?1 and 4.49?±?1.09 (µg?g^?1)^?1 for Sr and Ba, respectively. This calibration approach provided local quantitative data and demonstrated statistically significant differences in Sr concentrations in enamel and dentine.     

建立我国海外投资保险制度的几点思考

从我国海外投资发展的现状、国际上可资借鉴的两种海外投资保险立法模式以及建立我国海外投资保险制度的具体立法设想几方面论述建立我国海外投资保险的相关问题.     

Ablation of Transparent Materials Using Excimer Lasers for Photonic Applications

For many years, the development of effective ablation or laser machining techniques for making micro-optical components has been the key factor in the birth of new photonic devices and systems. In this article, the ablation characteristics of two types of the most important transparent materials, transparent polymers and glasses, are studied. Simple shaped microcavities are first machined for studying the fundamental ablation parameters, including threshold fluence, effective absorption coefficient, and ablation rate. In studying polymer ablation, five standard grades and five proprietary polymeric compounds are selected. Ablation techniques using these transparent polymers for making arrayed ferrules and curved microlenses are presented. Applications of these ablated microstructures for optical fiber connectors, optical fiber coupling and alignment, and transparent chip encapsulants, are introduced and demonstrated with emphasis on the quality of the ablated profiles and dimensions to satisfy the required performance. In glass ablation, borosilicate glasses are considered and their associated ablation behaviors are studied. The procedures to ablate glass-based arrayed microstructures with flat and curved surfaces are described. The utilizations of these arrayed microstructures for optical waveguide, wave absorber, and beam guider, are specifically discussed. Finally, concluding remakes for future trends are presented.     

6H-SiC单晶的激光刻蚀及光谱分析

激光微加工是半导体精密加工的一个有效方法。对于碳化硅(SiC)单晶,使用紫外波段激光可以获得对入射能量最大的吸收效率。使用355 nm全固态激光器对6H-SiC单晶进行刻蚀。同时将样品置于不同的介质下以探究最优加工条件。使用拉曼光谱表征激光刻蚀后的SiC表面。刻蚀后表面主要由无定形硅及纳米晶石墨组成,对于空气下刻蚀的SiC晶片,无定形硅主要分布于刻蚀坑的周围,刻蚀坑内较少。而在液体下刻蚀的样品,无定形硅的空间分布相反。通过分析残留在表面的物质,在另一角度研究了激光刻蚀的反应机理。对于液体辅助的激光加工,以往的研究主要关注液层的厚度及粘度,对液体还原性的研究很少。为确定液体还原性的影响,使用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜及能量色散谱检测了不同液体辅助加工样品的表面形貌及氧含量。结果表明,液体还原性在激光刻蚀过程中有着较大的影响,使用有着还原性的液体作为介质可以有效减少表面氧化并获得更规则的表面形貌。